{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T10:18:00Z","timestamp":1788430680560,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008111","name":"Innovational Fund for Scientific and Technological Personnel of Hainan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KJRC2025A03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJRC2025A03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008111","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System","award":["CARS-33-YZ2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-33-YZ2"]}]},{"award":["CARS-33-YZ2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-33-YZ2"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03p5eky76","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008111","name":"Special Fund for Hainan Excellent Team \u2018Rubber Genetics and Breeding\u2019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20210203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20210203"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008111","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Polyploidy plays a key role in plant evolution and breeding, but the reproductive biology of polyploid rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated microsporogenesis and pollen morphology in triploid and tetraploid rubber trees using acetic acid\u2013magenta staining. Both polyploids displayed largely regular meiotic progression but exhibited abundant tetrad-stage abnormalities, including monads, dyads, triads, and unequal polyads. Tetraploids additionally exhibited chromosome misalignment, lagging chromosomes, asynchronous segregation, and multipolar spindles, with abnormal tetrads accounting for 24.52%. A total of more than 26,000 pollen grains (15,009 triploid and 11,774 tetraploid) were analyzed. In the triploid, 95.21% were normal-sized (30.7\u201343.3 \u00b5m), 2.21% were large (putative 2n; mean 47.2 \u00b5m), and 2.59% were super-large (putative 4n; mean 64.2 \u00b5m). In the tetraploid, 95.23% were normal-sized (31.7\u201346.7 \u00b5m), 4.75% were small (mean 19.6 \u00b5m), and only 0.025% were large (mean 55.3 \u00b5m). Normal-sized pollen from both polyploids was comparable to haploid pollen from diploids. Most large pollen grains exhibited wrinkled or irregular morphology, suggesting non-viability. Thus, functional male gametes in rubber tree polyploids are mostly reduced, and unreduced pollen is rare or nonviable. This study provides the first detailed description of the morphological sequence of microsporogenesis in triploid rubber tree and a cytological basis for understanding the low male fertility potential in breeding programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants15172647","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T02:08:58Z","timestamp":1788142138000},"page":"2647","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Microsporogenesis and Pollen Morphology of Triploid and Tetraploid Rubber Trees (Hevea brasiliensis)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Qiongxia","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China"},{"name":"College of Tropical Crops, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 665099, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Yujia","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China"},{"name":"School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 572025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China"},{"name":"School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 572025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China"},{"name":"College of Tropical Crops, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 665099, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Hongli","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China"},{"name":"College of Tropical Crops, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 665099, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Weiguo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Tropical Crops, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 665099, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Huasun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3723-4807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09916","article-title":"Ancestral Polyploidy in Seed Plants and Angiosperms","volume":"473","author":"Jiao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trojak-Goluch, A., Kawka-Lipi\u0144ska, M., Wielgusz, K., and Praczyk, M. (2021). Polyploidy in Industrial Crops: Applications and Perspectives in Plant Breeding. Agronomy, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy11122574"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2024.121767","article-title":"Polyploidy\u2014A Tool in Adapting Trees to Future Climate Changes? A Review of Polyploidy in Trees","volume":"560","author":"Egertsdotter","year":"2024","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manag."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1093\/plcell\/koaa015","article-title":"Polyploidy: An Evolutionary and Ecological Force in Stressful Times","volume":"33","author":"Ashman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13875","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0811575106","article-title":"The Frequency of Polyploid Speciation in Vascular Plants","volume":"106","author":"Wood","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.1995.tb03005.x","article-title":"Gametes with the Somatic Chromosome Number: Mechanisms of Their Formation and Role in the Evolution of Autopolyploid Plants","volume":"129","author":"Bretagnolle","year":"1995","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.29.1.467","article-title":"Pathways, Mechanisms, and Rates of Polyploid Formation in Flowering Plants","volume":"29","author":"Ramsey","year":"1998","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00021879","article-title":"Enhancing the Productivity of Secondary Metabolites via Induced Polyploidy: A Review","volume":"87","author":"Dhawan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Euphytica"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/s11240-020-01888-1","article-title":"Artificial Polyploidy Induction for Improvement of Ornamental and Medicinal Plants","volume":"142","author":"Niazian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eng.2018.07.001","article-title":"Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Engineering"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hpj.2025.08.002","article-title":"Brassica Diversity through the Lens of Polyploidy: Genomic Evolution, Introgression, and Homoeologous Exchange","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hortic. Plant J."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, M.-M., Su, Q.-L., Zu, J.-R., Xie, L., Wei, Q., Guo, H.-R., Chen, J., Zeng, R.-Z., and Zhang, Z.-S. (2022). Triploid Cultivars of Cymbidium Act as a Bridge in the Formation of Polyploid Plants. Front. Plant Sci., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.1029915"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meng, T., Wang, H., Chen, Y., Liu, Y., Chen, M., Dong, J., Zhu, H., Dang, J., and Guo, Q. (2025). Tetraploid Formation from Open-Pollinated Triploid Loquat Provides a Promising Pathway for Large-Scale Seedless Breeding. Horticulturae, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae11111349"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2010.04.029","article-title":"Reproductive Capacity of Neo-Tetraploid Loaches Produced Using Diploid Spermatozoa from a Natural Tetraploid Male","volume":"308","author":"Fujimoto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41457","DOI":"10.1038\/srep41457","article-title":"De Novo Hybrid Assembly of the Rubber Tree Genome Reveals Evidence of Paleotetraploidy in Hevea Species","volume":"7","author":"Pootakham","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"269","article-title":"Chromosome Studies of Some Species of Hevea","volume":"18","author":"Majumder","year":"1964","journal-title":"J. Rubber Res. Inst. Malaya"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Priyadarshan, P.M. (2017). Biology of Hevea Rubber, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-54506-6"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-013118-111107","article-title":"Molecular Mechanisms of Natural Rubber Biosynthesis","volume":"89","author":"Yamashita","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1039\/a902191d","article-title":"Biochemistry of Natural Rubber, a Vital Raw Material, Emphasizing Biosynthetic Rate, Molecular Weight and Compartmentalization, in Evolutionarily Divergent Plant Species","volume":"18","author":"Cornish","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"457","article-title":"Ploidy identification of germplasm resources in Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) M\u00fcll. Arg","volume":"41","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. J. Trop. Crops"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"12","article-title":"Induced Polyploidy Potential for Improving Resistance in Hevea Clones to Rubber Tree Leaf Blight","volume":"18","author":"Junqueira","year":"1993","journal-title":"Fitopatol. Bras."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1590\/S0006-87051963000100038","article-title":"Colchicine Induced Polyploidy of Hevea Rubber Plants","volume":"22","author":"Mendes","year":"1963","journal-title":"Bragantia"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s11295-019-1330-0","article-title":"Low Temperature Increases the Frequency of 2n Female Gametes in the Diploid Rubber Tree (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. Ex A.Juss.) M\u00fcll. Arg.)","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tree Genet. Genomes"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/s11240-022-02281-w","article-title":"Induction of Tetraploid via Somatic Embryos Treated with Colchicine in Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. Ex A.Juss.) M\u00fcll. Arg","volume":"150","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"3","article-title":"Selection of rubber cold fast and high-yield strains, Yunyan 77-2 and Yunyan 77-4","volume":"21","author":"Ao","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Yunnan Trop. Crops Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"602","article-title":"Cytological identification and breeding course of Hevea Yunyan 77-2 and Yunyan 77-4","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Trop. Subtrop. Bot."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jhered.a105691","article-title":"Hevea: A First Interpretation. A Cytogenetic Survey of a Controversial Genus, with a Discussion of Its Implications to Taxonomy and to Rubber Production","volume":"38","author":"Baldwin","year":"1947","journal-title":"J. Hered."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1590\/S0006-87051971000100002","article-title":"Microsporogenesis in normal and tetraploid Hevea brasiliensis Muell.-Arg","volume":"30","author":"Conagin","year":"1971","journal-title":"Bragantia"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1508\/cytologia.49.725","article-title":"Cytomorphological Studies in an Induced Polyploid of Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg","volume":"49","author":"Markose","year":"1984","journal-title":"Cytologia"},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Zhang, Y.Y. (2013). Disciplines of Fruit-Set Success and Triploid Induction of Hevea brasiliensis. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Beijing Forestry University]. (In Chinese with English abstract)."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/s42464-022-00176-1","article-title":"Chromosome Segregation Failure and Cytokinesis Defect Producing Unreduced Pollen in the Diploid Rubber Tree (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. Ex A. Juss.) M\u00fcll. Arg.)","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Rubber Res."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.17221\/151\/2015-CJGPB","article-title":"Breeding Triploid Plants: A Review","volume":"52","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s10577-024-09759-7","article-title":"Varied Chromosome Distribution Behaviours during Meiosis in Triploid Chinese Chives Contribute to the Formation of Viable Pollen","volume":"32","author":"Yao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chromosome Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sang, Y., Kong, B., Do, P.U., Ma, L., Du, J., Li, L., Cheng, X., Zhao, Y., Zhou, Q., and Wu, J. (2023). Microsporogenesis in the Triploid Hybrid \u2018Beilinxiongzhu 1#\u2019 and Detection of Primary Trisomy in 2x \u00d7 3x Populus Hybrids. BMC Plant Biol., 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-023-04189-9"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2019.111633","article-title":"Induction and Characterisation of Tetraploidy in Eucalyptus polybractea R.T. Baker","volume":"140","author":"Fernando","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Huang, X., Gao, X., Zhang, X., Huang, H., Li, W., and Zhang, Y. (2025). Tetraploidization Altered Phenotypic Traits and Metabolite Profile of Java Ginseng (Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn.). Plants, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14030480"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, F., Jin, F., Liang, X., Qiu, J., Wang, Q., Yu, Y., Yu, R., and Fan, Y. (2025). Induction of Autopolyploidy and Preliminary Investigation of the Dwarfing Mechanism in Hedychium coccineum. Plants, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14233573"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wen, Y., Liu, H., Meng, H., Qiao, L., Zhang, G., and Cheng, Z. (2022). In Vitro Induction and Phenotypic Variations of Autotetraploid Garlic (Allium sativum L.) with Dwarfism. Front. Plant Sci., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.917910"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2023.112135","article-title":"Triploid and Aneuploid Hybrids Obtained from Hybridization between Eriobotrya japonica and E. cavaleriei","volume":"319","author":"Dang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1080\/14620316.2018.1454266","article-title":"Acquisition of Triploid Germplasms by Controlled Hybridisation between Diploid and Tetraploid in Chinese Jujube","volume":"94","author":"Yan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hortic. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"1","article-title":"Preliminary observations on flowering and morphology of reproductive organs of polyploid rubber trees","volume":"5","author":"Lu","year":"1984","journal-title":"Chin. J. Trop. Crops"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s10681-006-9136-1","article-title":"The Production of 2n Pollen in Rose","volume":"151","author":"Crespel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Euphytica"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao, S., Yang, M., Zhang, F., Fan, L., and Zhou, Y. (2019). The Strong Competitive Role of 2n Pollen in Several Polyploidy Hybridizations in Rosa Hybrida. BMC Plant Biol., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-019-1696-z"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/2193-1801-1-17","article-title":"Meiotic Restitution Mechanisms Involved in the Formation of 2n Pollen in Agave tequilana Weber and Agave angustifolia Haw","volume":"1","year":"2012","journal-title":"SpringerPlus"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1438-8677.2011.00470.x","article-title":"Meiotic Abnormalities Underlying Pollen Sterility in Wild Potato Hybrids and Spontaneous Populations","volume":"14","author":"Larrosa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, H., Gan, J., Xiong, H., Mao, X., Li, S., Zhang, H., Hu, G., Liu, C., and Fu, J. (2022). Production of Triploid Germplasm by Inducing 2n Pollen in Longan. Horticulturae, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae8050437"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111026","article-title":"Production of 2n Pollen in Diploid Ipomoea trifida, a Putative Wild Ancestor of Sweet Potato","volume":"81","author":"Orjeda","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Hered."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.3109\/10520295409115483","article-title":"An Aceto-Carmine Glycerol Jelly for Use in Pollen-Fertility Counts","volume":"29","author":"Marks","year":"1954","journal-title":"Stain. Technol."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"1597","article-title":"Source Identification of Tetraploids and Comparison of Leaf Anatomy Structure of Different Ploidy in Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) M\u00fcll. Arg","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Plant Genet. Resour."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1007\/s10265-012-0493-7","article-title":"Evidence of 2n Microspore Production in a Natural Diploid Population of Turnera sidoides Subsp. carnea and Its Relevance in the Evolution of the T. sidoides (Turneraceae) Autopolyploid Complex","volume":"125","author":"Kovalsky","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Plant Res."}],"container-title":["Plants"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2223-7747\/15\/17\/2647\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T09:46:54Z","timestamp":1788428814000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2223-7747\/15\/17\/2647"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["plants15172647"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/plants15172647","relation":{},"ISSN":["2223-7747"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2223-7747","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]]}}}