{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T03:15:34Z","timestamp":1788146134754,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007957","name":"Chongqing Municipal Education Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KJQN202201240"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJQN202201240"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007957","name":"Chongqing Municipal Education Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KJZD-M202301204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJZD-M202301204"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007957","name":"Chongqing Municipal Education Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KJQN202401210"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJQN202401210"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["KJQN202201240"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJQN202201240"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/031nm5713","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["KJZD-M202301204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJZD-M202301204"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/031nm5713","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["KJQN202401210"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJQN202401210"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/031nm5713","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lycopus lucidus Turcz. var. hirtus Regel (L. lucidus var. hirtus) is a medicinal herb traditionally used in Chinese folk medicine for the treatment of inflammatory disorders, joint pain, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-like symptoms. However, systematic research on the bioactive flavonoids of this herb in RA-related cellular models is limited. The aim of this study was to isolate the main flavonoid from this herb and evaluate its in vitro anti-inhibitory effects in TNF-\u03b1-induced human RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (HFLS-RA). Flavonoids were extracted, purified, and isolated using chromatographic techniques. The structure was elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. The effects of the isolated compound were assessed in a TNF-\u03b1-induced HFLS-RA cell model by evaluating pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and cell proliferation\/metabolic activity. A main flavonoid was identified as formononetin. Formononetin exhibited antioxidant activity and inhibited TNF-\u03b1-provoked inflammatory responses in HFLS-RA cells under cell-safe concentrations, as evidenced by reduced secretion of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1\u03b2 and suppression of TNF-\u03b1-induced hyperproliferation. In conclusion, formononetin is a major flavonoid constituent of L. lucidus var. hirtus, and these findings provide preliminary in vitro cellular evidence that formononetin exerts in vitro anti-inflammatory inhibitory activity on TNF-\u03b1-activated human RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Further in vivo and mechanistic studies are required to explore its potential for anti-RA-related pharmacological application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants15172654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T02:08:58Z","timestamp":1788142138000},"page":"2654","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optimization of the Isolation and Purification of Formononetin from Lycopus lucidus Turcz. var. hirtus Regel, Structural Identification, and Its In Vitro Anti-Inhibitory Effects in TNF-\u03b1-Induced HFLS-RA Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Feiran","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Sanxia University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 404120, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Wenzhao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Resources Branch, National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 404500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Nong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Sanxia University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 404120, China"},{"name":"Green Planting and Deep Processing for the Three Gorges Reservoir Region Indigenous Medicinal Herbs of Chongqing Engineering Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing 404120, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Lanlan","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Sanxia University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 404120, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Linyun","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Resources Branch, National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 404500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Caiyun","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Resources Branch, National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 404500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6825-0522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Sanxia University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 404120, China"},{"name":"Green Planting and Deep Processing for the Three Gorges Reservoir Region Indigenous Medicinal Herbs of Chongqing Engineering Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing 404120, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Junsheng","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Sanxia University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 404120, China"},{"name":"Green Planting and Deep Processing for the Three Gorges Reservoir Region Indigenous Medicinal Herbs of Chongqing Engineering Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing 404120, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission (2020). 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