{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T00:10:38Z","timestamp":1792195838210,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32360087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32360087"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["32360087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32360087"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Fujian Province","award":["2024N5004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024N5004"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi","award":["2023GXNSFBA026221"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023GXNSFBA026221"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023MD734148"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023MD734148"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["2023MD734148"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023MD734148"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0426zh255","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Public welfare research institute project","award":["2025R1074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025R1074"]}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops","award":["SKL2022007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKL2022007"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Members of the EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR (EPF) and EPF-Like (EPFL) families perform diverse regulatory functions in plant tissue morphogenesis, controlling the development of stomata, awns, shoot apical meristems (SAMs), and inflorescences. Nevertheless, the biological functions of OsEPF\/EPFL family members in mediating responses to biotic\/abiotic stresses are not yet widely characterized. Here, we demonstrated abundant cis-acting elements in the putative promoters of OsEPF\/EPFL genes, including those associated with dehydration-, MeJA-, MYB binding site for drought, stress-, and ABA-responsive element. We performed a systematic analysis of the expression patterns of all OsEPF\/EPFL family members under heat, cold, drought, and salt stress treatments. Among these genes, OsEPFL9 and OsEPFL10 exhibited rapid and sustained up-regulation across all four stress conditions. Furthermore, the majority of OsEPF\/EPFL members were up-regulated specifically in response to salt stress. In terms of biotic stress responses, OsEPF2\/5\/7\/10 were rapidly induced as early as 12 h post-infection (hpi) with the rice blast pathogen (Magnaporthe oryzae). Functional validation further revealed that its deficiency causes increased sensitivity to both M. oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Collectively, our research will provide significant insights into the multifunctional roles of the OsEPF\/EPFL gene family, particularly in stress responses. This work also establishes a theoretical basis and scientific reference for the application of plant small secreted peptides (SSPs) in crop disease resistance breeding and stress tolerance improvement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants15172657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T02:08:58Z","timestamp":1788142138000},"page":"2657","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comprehensive Profiling of the Rice OsEPF\/EPFL Gene Family Under Biotic and Abiotic Stresses Reveals the Involvement of OsEPF2 in Disease Resistance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2335-7286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingliang","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Agriculture, Biotechnology Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianhao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1914-746X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeyuan","family":"She","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianghui","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dagang","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Agriculture, Biotechnology Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2453","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.16.00379","article-title":"GAD1 Encodes a Secreted Peptide That Regulates Grain Number, Grain Length, and Awn Development in Rice Domestication","volume":"28","author":"Jin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1093\/pcp\/pcq169","article-title":"Post-Translational Modifications in Secreted Peptide Hormones in Plants","volume":"52","author":"Matsubayashi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plant Cell 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