{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T05:07:49Z","timestamp":1789016869470,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000974","name":"Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SMCN\/2009\/056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SMCN\/2009\/056"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000974","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000974","name":"Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SLAM\/2018\/145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SLAM\/2018\/145"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000974","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["SMCN\/2009\/056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SMCN\/2009\/056"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04wyg6495","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["SLAM\/2018\/145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SLAM\/2018\/145"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04wyg6495","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008206","name":"Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008206","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05j7fep28","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nitrogen (N) supply can influence the accumulation of sulfur (S)-containing metabolites that contribute to garlic (Allium sativum L.) flavour and quality, yet evidence of these responses under field conditions remains limited. Nine N application rates (0\u2013360 kg ha\u22121) were evaluated under field conditions to examine the relationships between N supply, plant N and S status, and bulb S-containing metabolites. Allicin was quantified across three varieties, while alliin, \u03b3-glutamyl-S-allyl-L-cysteine (GSAC), and alliin-to-allicin conversion were analysed in Glenlarge. The bulb alliin and allicin concentrations increased linearly with the N rate and were positively associated with the bulb N and S concentrations. The foliage N concentration was strongly positively correlated with the bulb alliin and allicin concentrations, suggesting that leaf N status may provide a useful predictor of S-containing metabolite accumulation. Sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy showed that the relative proportions of GSAC and alliin remained relatively consistent across the six N rates. This indicates that N supply was associated with the increased accumulation of S-containing compounds, without a substantial shift in their relative S speciation. The alliin and allicin concentrations increased up to the highest N rate tested (360 kg N ha\u22121), whereas increases in allicin yield became relatively small above approximately 200 kg N ha\u22121. Overall, these findings provide field-based evidence linking N nutrition with the accumulation of bioactive S-containing compounds in garlic and provide insights into how N supply may influence garlic quality under field conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants15172735","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T13:53:28Z","timestamp":1788789208000},"page":"2735","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of Nitrogen Nutrition on Accumulation and Speciation of Sulfur Compounds in Garlic Under Field Conditions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3936-041X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Binh Thi","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0095-8692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernhard J.","family":"Wehr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4948-1880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter M.","family":"Kopittke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy J.","family":"O\u2019Hare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4108, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0207-070X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neal W.","family":"Menzies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3840-9683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hung Trieu","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0089-4502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brigid A.","family":"McKenna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2568-9441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wantana","family":"Klysubun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Synchrotron Light Research Institute, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9891-7559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wutthikrai","family":"Busayaporn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Synchrotron Light Research Institute, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4287-1993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen M.","family":"Harper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Randle, W.M., and Lancaster, J.E. 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