{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T09:08:12Z","timestamp":1788944892816,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Forest Productivity Cooperative at the Universidad de Concepci\u00f3n","award":["FB210015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FB210015"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sustaining forest plantation productivity across successive rotations is increasingly challenging under changing environmental conditions. This study evaluated whether repeated establishment silviculture can maintain early second-rotation growth performance of Pinus radiata D. Don in central-south volcanic sandy soils in Chile. An experiment encompassing soil preparation (shovel planting vs. subsoiling + bedding), fertilization (B vs. NPKB), and weed control (pre-planting only vs. 2-year banded application) was conducted over two rotations. Survival, diameter, height, and stand-volume responses were compared between rotations at age 3. The second-rotation establishment period received 33% less annual rainfall than the first. Across all treatment combinations, mean survival decreased from 90.5% during the first rotation to 62.2% during the second rotation, while mean stand volume decreased from 6.58 to 1.16 m3 ha\u22121. During the second rotation, weed control was the only treatment that significantly increased individual-tree and stand growth: plots receiving pre-planting weed control only averaged 38.7% survival and 0.29 m3 ha\u22121, whereas those receiving additional 2-year banded vegetation control averaged 85.8% survival and 2.02 m3 ha\u22121 stand volume. These findings indicate that vegetation control is key to sustaining P. radiata productivity. However, progressively unfavorable environmental conditions will jeopardize forest productivity across rotations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants15182752","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T08:05:43Z","timestamp":1788941143000},"page":"2752","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of Maintained Early Silvicultural Treatments over Two Rotations and Climate Change on Early Growth of Radiata Pine Plantations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5480-8150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Bozo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cooperativa de Productividad Forestal, Departamento de Silvicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepci\u00f3n, Concepci\u00f3n 4030555, Chile"},{"name":"Centro Nacional de Excelencia para la Industria de la Madera (CENAMAD)\u2014ANID BASAL FB210015, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4929-7613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Rubilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cooperativa de Productividad Forestal, Departamento de Silvicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepci\u00f3n, Concepci\u00f3n 4030555, Chile"},{"name":"Centro Nacional de Excelencia para la Industria de la Madera (CENAMAD)\u2014ANID BASAL FB210015, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Mat\u00edas","family":"Pincheira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forestal Mininco S.A., Avenida Alemania 751, Los \u00c1ngeles 4440000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0216-0134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy J.","family":"Albaugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Productivity Cooperative, Virginia Tech Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, 228 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Productivity Cooperative, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9810-8834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ot\u00e1vio C.","family":"Campoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Productivity Cooperative, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Florestais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"\u00d3scar","family":"Jara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cooperativa de Productividad Forestal, Departamento de Silvicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepci\u00f3n, Concepci\u00f3n 4030555, Chile"},{"name":"Centro Nacional de Excelencia para la Industria de la Madera (CENAMAD)\u2014ANID BASAL FB210015, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rubilar, R.A., Valverde, J.C., Barrientos, G., and Campoe, O.C. 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