{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T13:09:39Z","timestamp":1789132179308,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Horizon 2020 Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie RISE program \u201cMechanisms of Apomictic Developments (MAD)\u201d","award":["872417"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["872417"]}]},{"name":"Horizon 2020 Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie RISE program \u201cThe Polyploidy Paradigm and its Role in Plant Breeding (POLYPLOID)\u201d","award":["101007438"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101007438"]}]},{"name":"PIET-R 2025 \u201cMejoramiento molecular de pastos forrajeros nativos y naturalizados mediante apomixis, gen\u00f3mica, epigen\u00f3mica y sensado remoto\u201d","award":["298 202501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["298 202501"]}]},{"name":"POLYPLOID"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Eragrostis curvula (weeping lovegrass) is a perennial C4 forage grass and a model for apomixis whose genetic transformation and genome editing remain constrained by the lack of efficient regeneration systems. Here we assessed the effect of culture medium composition and light intensity during the induction phase on morphogenic responses from explants of mature embryos of cv. Tanganyika INTA. Eleven media were tested: nine designed to induce somatic embryo-like structures (SELSs; Group 1) and two to promote multiple shoot proliferation (Group 2). Four light regimes\u2014low, medium, high, and darkness\u2014were applied during an 8-week induction period. Responsive and non-responsive explants were recorded at the Petri dish level and analyzed separately within each functional group using binomial generalized linear models (GLMs) in R 4.5.0. Morphogenic responses originated from the apical region of the embryonic axis, encompassing the shoot apical meristem. Medium composition influenced the predominant morphogenic response, whereas light intensity affected the efficiency of the response (significant medium \u00d7 light interaction). Medium I (WPBS + 2,4-D + low BAP) under medium light resulted in the highest morphogenic response within Group 1, corresponding to an estimated 60.6% of explants exhibiting SELSs and\/or associated shoot-forming meristematic tissue, although this estimate was not statistically distinguishable from those obtained for the same medium under low and high light intensity. Medium J (WPBS + high BAP:2,4-D ratio) under medium light resulted in a 74.0% multiple shoot proliferation response. Darkness reduced morphogenic responses in both groups. These protocols provide a reproducible regeneration platform for future genetic transformation and genome-editing studies in E. curvula.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants15182793","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T12:24:33Z","timestamp":1789129473000},"page":"2793","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Culture Medium Composition and Light Intensity Shape Alternative Morphogenic Pathways from the Mature Embryo Shoot Apex of Eragrostis curvula"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4080-9894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo Daniel","family":"Souza Canada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Plataforma AGROBIOTEC-FCA, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Campo Experimental Villarino, Zavalla S2125ZAA, Santa Fe, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Garbus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semi\u00e1rida\/CERZOS, CCT CONICET Bah\u00eda Blanca, Camino La Carrindanga Km 7, Bah\u00eda Blanca 8000, Buenos Aires, Argentina"},{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Florida 1450, Bah\u00eda Blanca 8000, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8331-6865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Pablo","family":"Selva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semi\u00e1rida\/CERZOS, CCT CONICET Bah\u00eda Blanca, Camino La Carrindanga Km 7, Bah\u00eda Blanca 8000, Buenos Aires, Argentina"},{"name":"Departamento de Agronom\u00eda, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), San Andr\u00e9s 800, Bah\u00eda Blanca 8000, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2029-7097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo Ra\u00fal","family":"Permingeat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plataforma AGROBIOTEC-FCA, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Campo Experimental Villarino, Zavalla S2125ZAA, Santa Fe, Argentina"},{"name":"IICAR-CONICET, Campo Experimental Villarino, Zavalla S2125ZAA, Santa Fe, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3755-9062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viviana","family":"Echenique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semi\u00e1rida\/CERZOS, CCT CONICET Bah\u00eda Blanca, Camino La Carrindanga Km 7, Bah\u00eda Blanca 8000, Buenos Aires, Argentina"},{"name":"Departamento de Agronom\u00eda, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), San Andr\u00e9s 800, Bah\u00eda Blanca 8000, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00034845","article-title":"Plant regeneration in weeping lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula) through inflorescence culture","volume":"46","author":"Echenique","year":"1996","journal-title":"Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carballo, J., Zappacosta, D., Selva, J.P., Caccamo, M., and Echenique, V. 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