{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:12:43Z","timestamp":1792789963217,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"China Agriculture Research System","award":["CARS-26"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-26"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03p5eky76","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["CARS-26"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-26"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03p5eky76","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To clarify the effects of shade-net covering on sunburn control and fruit quality of ponkan, white, gray, black, and blue nets with differing light transmittance were applied to assess the canopy microenvironment, leaf photosynthesis, peel antioxidant system, and fruit quality. All shading treatments significantly reduced fruit surface temperature and light intensity compared with the unshaded control. Light transmittance was significantly higher under white (26.49%) and blue (25.69%) nets than under gray (12.97%) and black (12.58%) nets. Consequently, sunburn incidence decreased significantly from 31.41% in the control to 5.47\u201311.13% under shading. Regarding leaf photosynthesis, white and blue nets maintained a significantly higher net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and PSII photochemical efficiency than gray and black nets, whereas gray and black nets showed no significant difference in Pn from the control. All shading treatments significantly lowered reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, alleviating peel oxidative injury. By contrast, the sunburn peel of the unshaded control accumulated high levels of ROS and MDA and activated SOD, POD, CAT, and the AsA-GSH cycle, thereby elevating total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC). At fruit maturity, shading generally improved juice yield and nutritional quality. White and gray nets enhanced soluble solids content (SSC), white and blue nets improved the sugar\u2013acid ratio, and gray, black, and blue nets increased vitamin C content, while the white net showed the best performance in soluble sugar accumulation. These results indicate that white and blue shade nets are more effective in optimizing the canopy microenvironment of ponkan. Shading followed by post-shading light recovery alleviates fruit sunburn and enhances fruit quality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants15182870","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T11:05:53Z","timestamp":1789988753000},"page":"2870","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Shade Nets Modulate Photosynthetic Balance and Antioxidant Homeostasis to Improve Fruit Quality in Ponkan"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Qiuyou","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Genetics and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Genetics and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Genetics and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Genetics and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Yitong","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Genetics and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Zhimin","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Genetics and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Siyuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Genetics and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Genetics and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molp.2019.03.008","article-title":"The citrus Huanglongbing crisis and potential solutions","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Plant"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2018.12.009","article-title":"The effects of transportation temperature on the decay rate and quality of postharvest Ponkan (Citrus reticulata Blanco) fruit in different storage periods","volume":"247","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, M., Park, Y., Yun, S.K., Kim, S.S., Joa, J., Moon, Y.-E., and Do, G.-R. (2022). The anatomical differences and physiological responses of sunburned Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) fruits. Plants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11141801"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15703","DOI":"10.17584\/rcch.2022v16i3.15703","article-title":"Sunburn disorder in tropical and subtropical fruits. A review","volume":"16","author":"Fischer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev. Colomb. Cienc. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1080\/07352689.2012.696453","article-title":"Sunburn of apple fruit: Historical background, recent advances and future perspectives","volume":"31","author":"Racsko","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2026.123737","article-title":"Coordinated photo-protective and antioxidant systems alleviate sunburn injury in Ponkan fruit under intense light and high-temperature stress","volume":"249","author":"Du","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chander, S., Singh, K., and Kumar, K. (2026). Canopy orientation influences sunburn fruit temperature and peel anatomy in Kinnow and Daisy mandarins. Vegetos.","DOI":"10.1007\/s42535-026-01716-5"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2019.108556","article-title":"Shade netting on subtropical fruit: Effect on environmental conditions, tree physiology and fruit quality","volume":"256","author":"Mditshwa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.21273\/HORTTECH.23.5.659","article-title":"Comparison of paper bags, calcium carbonate, and shade nets for sunscald protection in \u2018Murcott\u2019 tangor fruit","volume":"23","author":"Tsai","year":"2013","journal-title":"HortTechnology"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2017.11.020","article-title":"Growing \u2018Hass\u2019 avocado fruit under different coloured shade netting improves the marketable yield and affects fruit ripening","volume":"230","author":"Tinyane","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.37855\/jah.2006.v08i02.22","article-title":"The effect of anti-hail nets on fruit protection, radiation, temperature, quality and probability of Mondial Gala apples","volume":"8","author":"Iglesias","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Appl. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.4067\/S0718-58392012000200010","article-title":"Exploring the potential use of photo-selective nets for fruit growth regulation in apple","volume":"72","author":"Manfrini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chil. J. Agric. Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2018.03.014","article-title":"The influence of protective netting on tree physiology and fruit quality of apple: A review","volume":"236","author":"Mupambi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.15754","article-title":"A meta-analysis of plant responses to light intensity for 70 traits ranging from molecules to whole plant performance","volume":"223","author":"Poorter","year":"2019","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.110.168831","article-title":"Manipulation of photoprotection to improve plant photosynthesis","volume":"155","author":"Murchie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.15.01935","article-title":"Nonphotochemical chlorophyll fluorescence quenching: Mechanism and effectiveness in protecting plants from photodamage","volume":"170","author":"Ruban","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1093\/treephys\/23.10.705","article-title":"Growth, photosynthetic performance and shade adaptation of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) grown in natural shade","volume":"23","author":"Senevirathna","year":"2003","journal-title":"Tree Physiol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brito, C., Rodrigues, M.\u00c2., Pinto, L., Gon\u00e7alves, A., Silva, E., Martins, S., Rocha, L., Pavia, I., Arrobas, M., and Ribeiro, A.C. (2021). Grey and black anti-hail nets ameliorated apple (Malus \u00d7 domestica Borkh. cv. Golden Delicious) physiology under Mediterranean climate. Plants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10122578"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10693","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.7b04163","article-title":"Partial solar radiation exclusion with color shade nets reduces the degradation of organic acids and flavonoids of grape berry (Vitis vinifera L.)","volume":"65","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-arplant-042817-040322","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species in plant signaling","volume":"69","author":"Waszczak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.32615\/ps.2019.059","article-title":"Uniconazole confers chilling stress tolerance in soybean (Glycine max L.) by modulating photosynthesis, photoinhibition, and activating oxygen metabolism system","volume":"57","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Photosynthetica"},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Ahmad, P., and Rasool, S. (2014). Silicon and selenium: Two vital trace elements that confer abiotic stress tolerance to plants. Emerging Technologies and Management of Crop Stress Tolerance, Volume 1: Biological Techniques, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.2011.02400.x","article-title":"Glutathione in plants: An integrated overview","volume":"35","author":"Noctor","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.15488","article-title":"Hydrogen peroxide metabolism and functions in plants","volume":"221","author":"Smirnoff","year":"2019","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feng, Y.F., Li, S.S., Jia, R.J., Yang, J., Su, Q.F., and Zhao, Z.Y. (2022). Physiological characteristics of sunburn peel after apple debagged. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27123775"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2021.110217","article-title":"Shade improves growth, photosynthetic performance, production and postharvest quality in red pitahaya (Hylocereus costaricensis)","volume":"286","author":"Penha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.10.031","article-title":"Integration of phytochrome and cryptochrome signals determines plant growth during competition for light","volume":"26","author":"Keuskamp","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.17.00166","article-title":"Blue light regulation of stomatal opening and the plasma membrane H+-ATPase","volume":"174","author":"Inoue","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Y.T., Chu, B.H., Zhang, D.D., Li, Q., Li, Q.J., Li, X.W., Liu, Z.Y., Ma, F.W., Guan, Q.M., and Zhang, D.H. (2023). Effects of four photo-selective colored hail nets on an apple in Loess Plateau, China. Horticulturae, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae9091061"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.37855\/jah.2015.v17i02.20","article-title":"Shade effects on growth, flowering and fruit of apple","volume":"17","author":"Miller","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Appl. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan, I., Zada, A., Jia, T., and Hu, X. (2023). Effect of the enhanced production of chlorophyll b on the light acclimation of tomato. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043377"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1007\/s10265-018-1052-7","article-title":"Why is chlorophyll b only used in light-harvesting systems?","volume":"131","author":"Kume","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Plant Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molp.2014.12.007","article-title":"Carotenoid metabolism in plants","volume":"8","author":"Nisar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Plant"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s43897-022-00023-2","article-title":"Plant carotenoids: Recent advances and future perspectives","volume":"2","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1093\/treephys\/23.2.119","article-title":"Moderate shade can increase net gas exchange and reduce photoinhibition in citrus leaves","volume":"23","author":"Jifon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Tree Physiol."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"101538","article-title":"Evaluation of physiological performance and fruit quality of citrus trees under colored shade nets and open field conditions: A comparative study","volume":"19","author":"Elshahat","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2010.08.016","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants","volume":"48","author":"Gill","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hasanuzzaman, M., Bhuyan, M.H.M.B., Anee, T.I., Parvin, K., Nahar, K., Mahmud, J.A., and Fujita, M. (2019). Regulation of ascorbate-Glutathione pathway in mitigating oxidative damage in plants under abiotic stress. Antioxidants, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8090384"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.110.167569","article-title":"Ascorbate and glutathione: The heart of the redox hub","volume":"155","author":"Foyer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2682","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erae023","article-title":"The ascorbate\u2013glutathione cycle coming of age","volume":"75","author":"Foyer","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2015.03.016","article-title":"The effects of preharvest shading and postharvest storage temperatures on the quality of \u2018Ponkan\u2019 (Citrus reticulata Blanco) mandarin fruits","volume":"188","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.15835\/nbha47411577","article-title":"Bagging Affecting Sugar and Anthocyanin Metabolism in the Ripening Period of Grape Berries","volume":"47","author":"Zha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Not. Bot. Horti Agrobo."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.12791\/KSBEC.2020.29.2.120","article-title":"Effect of White and Blue Wind Net Shading on the Quality of\u2018Fuji\u2019 and \u2018Hongro\u2019 Apple Fruits","volume":"29","author":"Kang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prot. Hortic. Plant Fact."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2013.02.012","article-title":"Productivity and Fruit Quality of Vaccinium corymbosum cv. Elliott under Photo-Selective Shading Nets","volume":"153","author":"Lobos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yao, X.F., Sun, H.F., Zhou, S., and Li, L.Y. (2025). Evaluating photosynthetic light response models for leaf photosynthetic traits in paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.) under field conditions. Plants, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14010023"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiong, B., Li, L., Li, Q., Mao, H.Q., Wang, L.X.Y., Bie, Y.H., Zeng, X., Liao, L., Wang, X., and Deng, H.H. (2023). Identification of photosynthesis characteristics and chlorophyll metabolism in leaves of citrus cultivar (Harumi) with varying degrees of chlorosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24098394"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1093\/jexbot\/51.345.659","article-title":"Chlorophyll fluorescence\u2014A practical guide","volume":"51","author":"Maxwell","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70222","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.70222","article-title":"Extending the shelf life of strawberries: Physicochemical and antibacterial effects of carboxymethyl cellulose and gelatin coatings with lemon essential oil","volume":"13","author":"Hassan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, W., Hao, W., Liu, K., Liu, J., Yin, C., Su, Y., Hang, Z., Peng, B., Liu, H., and Xiong, B. (2024). Analysis of Sugar Components and Identification of SPS Genes in Citrus Fruit Development. Front. Plant Sci., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2024.1372809"}],"container-title":["Plants"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2223-7747\/15\/18\/2870\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T11:53:14Z","timestamp":1789991594000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2223-7747\/15\/18\/2870"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["plants15182870"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/plants15182870","relation":{},"ISSN":["2223-7747"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2223-7747","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]]}}}