{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T10:10:33Z","timestamp":1790244633865,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004607","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025GXNSFAA069781"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025GXNSFAA069781"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004607","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004607","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AD25069107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AD25069107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004607","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004607","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024GXNSFGA010003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024GXNSFGA010003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004607","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rice panicle architecture plays a critical role in determining grain yield; however, the regulatory networks influencing axillary meristem formation remain inadequately elucidated. A previous study identified LAX1 as a canonical bHLH transcription factor, detailing its direct targets and global transcriptomic alterations in lax1 mutants. In this study, an independent CRISPR\/Cas9 LAX1 knockout mutant was generated, followed by transcriptome profiling of young panicles. The lax1-KO mutant displayed a reduction in secondary branches and grain number. Applying a more stringent threshold (|log2 fold change (log2FC)| \u2265 1), 518 high-confidence differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, 131 of which overlapped with previously reported DEGs (direction concordance: 88.5%), supporting the core LAX1-regulated network. The analysis revealed member-specific PIN regulation (OsPIN1c\/1d and OsPIN2 downregulated; OsPIN3t and OsPIN9 upregulated), expression changes in hormone-associated genes (OsPP2C09, OsPP2C49, OsRR3, OsRR9, OsGASR9) and OsTPP genes (OsTPP1, OsTPP4, OsTPP9), and altered expression of panicle regulators (IPA1, OsTB1, DEP1, DEP3, CUC, and MADS-box genes). Motif enrichment analysis further identified bHLH motifs as the most frequently represented, whereas CAMTA and FRS\/FRF motifs exhibited the highest statistical significance in DEG promoters, suggesting a possible multi-layered transcriptional architecture. Collectively, these findings validate and refine the LAX1-regulated network, positioning LAX1 as a pivotal coordinator of rice panicle development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants15192923","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T09:07:54Z","timestamp":1790240874000},"page":"2923","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Independent Validation and Refinement of the LAX1-Regulated Transcriptional Network in Rice Panicle Development"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jin-Lin","family":"Bao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"},{"name":"College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"},{"name":"College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Jian-Xin","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"},{"name":"College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Yu-Xian","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"},{"name":"College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Jia-Tong","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"},{"name":"College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"},{"name":"College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20260","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1116437108","article-title":"Global food demand and the sustainable intensification of agriculture","volume":"108","author":"Tilman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. 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