{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T11:03:50Z","timestamp":1790593430012,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024YFD2101400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFD2101400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Green pepper is highly susceptible to chilling stress during extended low-temperature storage. This study examined the physiological responses and associated transcriptional changes in postharvest green pepper fruit following exogenous 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) treatment. After treatment with 15 \u03bcmol\u00b7L\u22121 EBR, fruits were maintained at 4.0 \u00b1 1.0 \u00b0C for 25 d. Chilling injury, quality attributes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses, and membrane damage-related parameters were monitored, and transcriptomic profiling was performed at 25 d. EBR treatment reduced chilling injury and weight loss and delayed softening and storage-related quality deterioration. It also helped maintain antioxidant defenses, limited O2\u2022\u2212 production and H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, and lowered relative electrical conductivity and phospholipase D (PLD) and lipoxygenase (LOX) activities. Transcriptomic analysis identified EBR-associated changes in processes involving cell wall remodeling, stress responses and signaling, ROS production, and membrane lipid-related functions. These results indicate that improved chilling tolerance in EBR-treated green pepper is closely associated with sustained antioxidant defenses, lower ROS accumulation, and reduced membrane damage, while the transcriptomic data provide additional molecular clues linked to these physiological responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants15192931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T16:29:53Z","timestamp":1790267393000},"page":"2931","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exogenous 24-Epibrassinolide Alleviates Postharvest Chilling Injury in Green Pepper Fruit Associated with Enhanced Antioxidant Defense and Reduced Membrane Damage"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9643-6336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanan","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Patiguli","family":"Wumaier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Department of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Yaxin","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Jinyang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Department of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Xuena","family":"Rang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Zhifeng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Department of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Mingjing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5605-8226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuquan","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Ning, M., and Feng, B. (2020). Research Status of Postharvest Chilling Injury in Green Peppers. New Agric., 22\u201324."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104182","article-title":"Widely Targeted Metabolomics Reveals Blue-Green Light-Mediated Regulation of Bioactive Compound Accumulation in Postharvest Pepper Fruits","volume":"37","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Food Chem. X"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"275","article-title":"Effects of 1-MCP combined with chlorine dioxide treatment on the shelf-life quality of green peppers","volume":"39","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Technol. Food Ind."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2018.09.157","article-title":"Employing Exogenous Melatonin Applying Confers Chilling Tolerance in Tomato Fruits by Upregulating ZAT2\/6\/12 Giving Rise to Promoting Endogenous Polyamines, Proline, and Nitric Oxide Accumulation by Triggering Arginine Pathway Activity","volume":"275","author":"Aghdam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"178","article-title":"Effects of Methyl Jasmonate Combined with Low-Temperature Pre-storage on Postharvest Quality and Physiological Characteristics of Chili Pepper","volume":"41","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112092","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2023.112092","article-title":"A Comparative Proteomic and Metabolomic Analysis of the Low-Temperature Response of a Chilling-Injury Sensitive and a Chilling-Injury Tolerant Cultivar of Green Bell Pepper","volume":"318","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.postharvbio.2015.07.008","article-title":"Amelioration of Postharvest Chilling Injury in Sweet Pepper by Glycine Betaine","volume":"112","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Postharvest Biol. Technol."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Zhao, Y. (2024). Study on the Chilling Injury Mechanism and Its Regulation of Green Pepper Based on Lipidomics. [Doctoral Dissertation, Shenyang Agricultural University]."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112065","DOI":"10.1016\/j.postharvbio.2022.112065","article-title":"Ethylene Enhances Tolerance to Chilling Stress in Tomato Fruit Partially through the Synergistic Regulation between Antioxidant Enzymes and ATP Synthases","volume":"193","author":"Shu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Postharvest Biol. Technol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2020.109789","article-title":"Calcium Ion Improves Cold Resistance of Green Peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) by Regulating the Activity of Protective Enzymes and Membrane Lipid Composition","volume":"277","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valenzuela, J.L., Manzano, S., Palma, F., Carvajal, F., Garrido, D., and Jamilena, M. (2017). Oxidative Stress Associated with Chilling Injury in Immature Fruit: Postharvest Technological and Biotechnological Solutions. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18071467"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2021.110784","article-title":"Cold Shock Treatment Alleviates Chilling Injury in Papaya Fruit during Storage by Improving Antioxidant Capacity and Related Gene Expression","volume":"294","author":"Nian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.postharvbio.2017.03.001","article-title":"Pre-Storage Cold Acclimation Maintained Quality of Cold-Stored Cucumber through Differentially and Orderly Activating ROS Scavengers","volume":"129","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Postharvest Biol. Technol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2019.108715","article-title":"Hot Water Treatment to Alleviate Chilling Injury and Enhance Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle in Sweet Pepper Fruit during Postharvest Cold Storage","volume":"257","author":"Endo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.129458","article-title":"Exogenous Glutathione Alleviates Chilling Injury in Postharvest Bell Pepper by Modulating the Ascorbate-Glutathione (AsA-GSH) Cycle","volume":"352","author":"Yao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2022.111325","article-title":"Effects of Hot Water Treatment to Alleviate Chilling Injury and Enhance Phenolic Metabolism in Eggplant Fruit during Low Temperature Storage","volume":"304","author":"Kantakhoo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1093\/pcp\/pcx171","article-title":"Changes in Membrane Lipid Composition and Function Accompanying Chilling Injury in Bell Peppers","volume":"59","author":"Kong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plant Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2019.05.117","article-title":"Insights into the Metabolism of Membrane Lipid Fatty Acids Associated with Chilling Injury in Post-Harvest Bell Peppers","volume":"295","author":"Ge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.postharvbio.2006.11.009","article-title":"Phospholipase D and Lipoxygenase Activity of Cucumber Fruit in Response to Chilling Stress","volume":"44","author":"Mao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Postharvest Biol. Technol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2815","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-012-0757-1","article-title":"Alleviation of Postharvest Chilling Injury of Tomato Fruit by Salicylic Acid Treatment","volume":"51","author":"Aghdam","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2020.109308","article-title":"Methyl Jasmonate Alleviates Chilling Injury by Regulating Membrane Lipid Composition in Green Bell Pepper","volume":"266","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.postharvbio.2020.111315","article-title":"Melatonin Ameliorates Chilling Injury in Green Bell Peppers during Storage by Regulating Membrane Lipid Metabolism and Antioxidant Capacity","volume":"170","author":"Kong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Postharvest Biol. Technol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.postharvbio.2022.111844","article-title":"24-Epibrassinolide Improves Chilling Tolerance by Regulating PpCBF5-Mediated Membrane Lipid Metabolism in Peach Fruit","volume":"186","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Postharvest Biol. Technol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, S., Bi, Y., Li, H., Liu, C., Wang, X., Wang, X., Lei, Y., Zhang, Q., and Wang, J. (2023). Reduction of Membrane Lipid Metabolism in Postharvest Hami Melon Fruits by N-Butanol to Mitigate Chilling Injury and the Cloning of Phospholipase D-\u03b2 Gene. Foods, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12091904"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4680","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06861-3","article-title":"Overexpression of the Vascular Brassinosteroid Receptor BRL3 Confers Drought Resistance without Penalizing Plant Growth","volume":"9","author":"Tohge","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46289-6","article-title":"Copine Proteins Are Required for Brassinosteroid Signaling in Maize and Arabidopsis","volume":"15","author":"Jing","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Habibi, F., Serrano, M., Zacar\u00edas, L., Valero, D., and Guill\u00e9n, F. (2021). Postharvest Application of 24-Epibrassinolide Reduces Chilling Injury Symptoms and Enhances Bioactive Compounds Content and Antioxidant Activity of Blood Orange Fruit. Front. Plant Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2021.629733"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.postharvbio.2015.07.031","article-title":"Effect of 24-Epibrassinolide on Chilling Injury of Peach Fruit in Relation to Phenolic and Proline Metabolisms","volume":"111","author":"Gao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Postharvest Biol. Technol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.postharvbio.2022.111906","article-title":"Postharvest 24-Epibrassinolide Treatment Alleviates Pomegranate Fruit Chilling Injury by Regulating Proline Metabolism and Antioxidant Activities","volume":"188","author":"Islam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Postharvest Biol. Technol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2024.04.049","article-title":"Maintaining Postharvest Quality and Enhancing Shelf-Life of Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Using Brassinosteroids: A Novel Approach","volume":"169","author":"Ahamad","year":"2024","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, J., Yang, P., Kang, J., Gan, Y., Yu, J., Calder\u00f3n-Urrea, A., Lyu, J., Zhang, G., Feng, Z., and Xie, J. (2016). Transcriptome Analysis of Pepper (Capsicum annuum) Revealed a Role of 24-Epibrassinolide in Response to Chilling. Front. Plant Sci., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2016.01281"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39155","DOI":"10.1038\/srep39155","article-title":"DkXTH8, a Novel Xyloglucan Endotransglucosylase\/Hydrolase in Persimmon, Alters Cell Wall Structure and Promotes Leaf Senescence and Fruit Postharvest Softening","volume":"6","author":"Han","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"IPCC (2023). Climate Change 2022\u2014Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability: Working Group II Contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"UNEP, and FAO (2022). Sustainable Food Cold Chains: Opportunities, Challenges and the Way Forward, FAO."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2012.07.018","article-title":"Effect of Brassinolide on Chilling Injury of Green Bell Pepper in Storage","volume":"144","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133996","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.133996","article-title":"Exogenous 24-Epibrassinolide Alleviates Chilling Injury in Peach Fruit through Modulating PpGATA12-Mediated Sucrose and Energy Metabolisms","volume":"400","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"243","article-title":"Effects of High-Humidity Storage on Chilling Injury and Antioxidant Activity of Green Pepper Fruits","volume":"42","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Ning, M. (2021). Effects of UV-C Treatment on Chilling Injury of Postharvest Green Pepper Fruits. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Guangxi University]."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"129","article-title":"Effects of Heat Shock Combined with Melatonin Treatment on Chilling Injury of Green Pepper","volume":"41","author":"Lv","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Mach."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"Shao, T. (2022). Study on the Effects of Short-Term Heat Treatment on Quality and Antioxidant Defense System of Refrigerated Green Pepper Fruits. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Shanghai Ocean University]."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Zhao, Y., Sun, W., Wang, Q., Feng, B., Ning, M., and Zuo, J. (2021). Effects of Short-wave Ultraviolet Treatment on Chilling Injury of Green Pepper Fruits. North. Hortic., 107\u2013115."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Fu, A. (2024). Study on the Effect of Methyl Jasmonate Treatment on Chilling Injury of Green Pepper Fruits. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Hebei Agricultural University]."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Ma, M. (2020). Study on the Mechanism and Regulation Technology of Chilling Injury in Green Pepper Fruits Under Low-Temperature Stress Based on Membrane Lipid Metabolism. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Shenyang Agricultural University]."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"205","article-title":"Effects of Low-Temperature Pre-storage on Postharvest Chilling Injury of Green Chili Peppers","volume":"34","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mod. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i884","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty560","article-title":"Fastp: An Ultra-Fast All-in-One FASTQ Preprocessor","volume":"34","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1038\/s41438-017-0011-0","article-title":"Reference Quality Assembly of the 3.5-Gb Genome of Capsicum annuum from a Single Linked-Read Library","volume":"5","author":"Maheshwari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hortic. Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0201-4","article-title":"Graph-Based Genome Alignment and Genotyping with HISAT2 and HISAT-Genotype","volume":"37","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu638","article-title":"HTSeq\u2014A Python Framework to Work with High-Throughput Sequencing Data","volume":"31","author":"Anders","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8","article-title":"Moderated Estimation of Fold Change and Dispersion for RNA-Seq Data with DESeq2","volume":"15","author":"Love","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The Gene Ontology Consortium (2021). The Gene Ontology Resource: Enriching a GOld Mine. Nucleic Acids Res., 49, D325\u2013D334.","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa1113"}],"container-title":["Plants"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2223-7747\/15\/19\/2931\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T10:25:47Z","timestamp":1790591147000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2223-7747\/15\/19\/2931"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["plants15192931"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/plants15192931","relation":{},"ISSN":["2223-7747"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2223-7747","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]}}}