{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:53:26Z","timestamp":1791298406431,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012131","name":"Liaoning Provincial Science and Technology Program Joint Project (Natural Science Foundation-Doctoral Research Initiation Project) of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023-BSBA-162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-BSBA-162"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012131","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007620","name":"Liaoning Provincial Department of Education Basic Research Project of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LJ212511779011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LJ212511779011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007620","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Liaodong University Doctoral Research Initiation Project of China","award":["2024BS016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024BS016"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01a4wvs18","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Liaodong University Doctoral Research Initiation Project of China","award":["2024BS048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024BS048"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01a4wvs18","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Soil alkalization limits the cultivation of Rhododendron, an acidophilic ornamental genus, yet the alkali tolerance threshold of R. obtusum \u2018Fenzhuanglou\u2019 remains undefined. Seedlings were exposed for 40 d to mixed alkali (NaHCO3:Na2CO3 = 9:1; 0, 50, 60, and 70 mmol\u00b7L\u22121), combining physiological assays with RNA-seq and DIA proteomics of control and 60 mmol\u00b7L\u22121 leaves. The 50 mmol\u00b7L\u22121 treatment caused no visible injury, 60 mmol\u00b7L\u22121 defined the visible-injury threshold, and 70 mmol\u00b7L\u22121 caused severe, progressive damage. Chlorophyll b fell to about 20% of the control by 40 d under 60\u201370 mmol\u00b7L\u22121; antioxidant enzymes peaked at 20 d and then collapsed, while malondialdehyde accumulated dose-dependently, indicating late-stage failure of reactive oxygen species scavenging. Transcriptomics identified 7214 differentially expressed genes enriched in MAPK signaling, hormone signal transduction, and circadian rhythm; proteomics quantified 7452 proteins, including 1093 differentially expressed proteins enriched in flavonoid biosynthesis and \u03b1-linolenic acid metabolism. The low mRNA\u2013protein correlation (\u03c1 = 0.14\u20130.20) is consistent with transcript\u2013protein decoupling potentially involving post-transcriptional regulation, protein stability, and turnover. These results define 60 mmol\u00b7L\u22121 as the tolerance limit of this cultivar and, to our knowledge, provide the first integrated multi-omics framework for alkali adaptation in Rhododendron.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants15193053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:28:05Z","timestamp":1791296885000},"page":"3053","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integrated Physiological, Transcriptomic, and Proteomic Analyses Reveal Alkali Stress Response and Tolerance Mechanisms of Rhododendron obtusum \u2018Fenzhuanglou\u2019 Seedlings"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4728-3274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riwen","family":"Fei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture, Liaodong University, Dandong 118003, China"},{"name":"Postdoctoral Workstation, Aim Honesty Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Dalian 116620, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture, Liaodong University, Dandong 118003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Xinyue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture, Liaodong University, Dandong 118003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture, Liaodong University, Dandong 118003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1222-7615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siyang","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture, Liaodong University, Dandong 118003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Jiansong","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postdoctoral Workstation, Aim Honesty Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Dalian 116620, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5618-8888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, S., Xu, Y., Tang, Z., Jin, S., and Yang, S. 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