{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T21:18:10Z","timestamp":1790025490800,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,30]],"date-time":"2019-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The physiological responses of habanero pepper plants (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) to foliar applications of zinc sulphate and zinc nano-fertilizer were evaluated in greenhouse trials. The effect of the supplement on fruit quality of habanero pepper was particularly observed. Habanero pepper plants were grown to maturity, and during the main stages of phenological development, they were treated with foliar applications of Zn at concentrations of 1000 and 2000 mg L\u22121 in the form of zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). Additional Zn was not supplied to the control treatment plants. ZnO NPs at a concentration of 1000 mg L\u22121 positively affected plant height, stem diameter, and chlorophyll content, and increased fruit yield and biomass accumulation compared to control and ZnSO4 treatments. ZnO NPs at 2000 mg L\u22121 negatively affected plant growth but significantly increased fruit quality, capsaicin content by 19.3%, dihydrocapsaicin by 10.9%, and Scoville Heat Units by 16.4%. In addition, at 2000 ZnO NPs mg L\u22121 also increased content of total phenols and total flavonoids (soluble + bound) in fruits (14.50% and 26.9%, respectively), which resulted in higher antioxidant capacity in ABTS (2,2\u2032azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) (15.4%, 31.8%, and 20.5%, respectively). These results indicate that application of ZnO NPs could be employed in habanero pepper production to improve yield, quality, and nutraceutical properties of fruits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants8080254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,30]],"date-time":"2019-07-30T11:15:56Z","timestamp":1564485356000},"page":"254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":193,"title":["Foliar Application of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Zinc Sulfate Boosts the Content of Bioactive Compounds in Habanero Peppers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8314-1535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josu\u00e9 I.","family":"Garc\u00eda-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Laboratorio de Qu\u00edmica y Bioqu\u00edmica, Facultad de Agronom\u00eda, Francisco Villa S\/N, Col. Ex-Hacienda el Canad\u00e1, C.P. 66050 General Escobedo, Nuevo Le\u00f3n, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3316-2316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillermo","family":"Ni\u00f1o-Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Laboratorio de Qu\u00edmica y Bioqu\u00edmica, Facultad de Agronom\u00eda, Francisco Villa S\/N, Col. Ex-Hacienda el Canad\u00e1, C.P. 66050 General Escobedo, Nuevo Le\u00f3n, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilio","family":"Olivares-S\u00e1enz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Laboratorio de Qu\u00edmica y Bioqu\u00edmica, Facultad de Agronom\u00eda, Francisco Villa S\/N, Col. Ex-Hacienda el Canad\u00e1, C.P. 66050 General Escobedo, Nuevo Le\u00f3n, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo H.","family":"Lira-Saldivar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Agroplasticultura, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Qu\u00edmica Aplicada (CIQA), C.P. 25294 Saltillo, Coahuila, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrique D\u00edaz","family":"Barriga-Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Agroplasticultura, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Qu\u00edmica Aplicada (CIQA), C.P. 25294 Saltillo, Coahuila, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rigoberto","family":"V\u00e1zquez-Alvarado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Laboratorio de Qu\u00edmica y Bioqu\u00edmica, Facultad de Agronom\u00eda, Francisco Villa S\/N, Col. Ex-Hacienda el Canad\u00e1, C.P. 66050 General Escobedo, Nuevo Le\u00f3n, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo A.","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Salinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Laboratorio de Qu\u00edmica y Bioqu\u00edmica, Facultad de Agronom\u00eda, Francisco Villa S\/N, Col. Ex-Hacienda el Canad\u00e1, C.P. 66050 General Escobedo, Nuevo Le\u00f3n, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Zavala-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Laboratorio de Qu\u00edmica y Bioqu\u00edmica, Facultad de Agronom\u00eda, Francisco Villa S\/N, Col. Ex-Hacienda el Canad\u00e1, C.P. 66050 General Escobedo, Nuevo Le\u00f3n, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2016.07.003","article-title":"Effects of foliar applications of zinc and boron nano-fertilizers onpomegranate (Punica granatum cv. Ardestani) fruit yield and quality","volume":"210","author":"Davarpanah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Hort."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"365","article-title":"Influence of zinc oxide nanoparticles on growth of Sesamum indicum L. in zinc deficient soil","volume":"3","author":"Narendhran","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"188","article-title":"Studies on the use of palm growth substances for fruitretention in mango cv. Dashehair","volume":"40","author":"Singh","year":"1983","journal-title":"Indian J. 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