{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T22:00:00Z","timestamp":1790546400285,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]],"date-time":"2019-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5397"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5397"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Thaxtomin A (TA) is a cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor synthesized by the soil actinobacterium Streptomyces scabies, which is the main causal agent of potato common scab. TA is essential for the induction of scab lesions on potato tubers. When added to Arabidopsis thaliana cell cultures, TA induces an atypical programmed cell death (PCD). Although production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) often correlates with the induction of PCD, we observed a decrease in ROS levels following TA treatment. We show that this decrease in ROS accumulation in TA-treated cells is not due to the activation of antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, Arabidopsis cell cultures treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) prior to TA treatment had significantly fewer dead cells than cultures treated with TA alone. This suggests that H2O2 induces biochemical or molecular changes in cell cultures that alleviate the activation of PCD by TA. Investigation of the cell wall mechanics using atomic force microscopy showed that H2O2 treatment can prevent the decrease in cell wall rigidity observed after TA exposure. While we cannot exclude the possibility that H2O2 may promote cell survival by altering the cellular redox environment or signaling pathways, our results suggest that H2O2 may inhibit cell death, at least partially, by reinforcing the cell wall to prevent or compensate for damages induced by TA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants8090332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]],"date-time":"2019-09-06T02:59:22Z","timestamp":1567738762000},"page":"332","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Reactive Oxygen Species Alleviate Cell Death Induced by Thaxtomin A in Arabidopsis thaliana Cell Cultures"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0428-5552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatima","family":"Awwad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre S\u00c8VE, D\u00e9partement de Biologie, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada"},{"name":"Groupe de Recherche en Biologie V\u00e9g\u00e9tale, D\u00e9partement de Chimie, Biochimie et Physique, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Trois-Rivi\u00e8res, Trois-Rivi\u00e8res, QC G9A 5H7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Bertrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, D\u00e9partement de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Grandbois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, D\u00e9partement de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7835-4077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathalie","family":"Beaudoin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre S\u00c8VE, D\u00e9partement de Biologie, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2011.03.007","article-title":"ROS signaling: The new wave?","volume":"16","author":"Mittler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2016.08.002","article-title":"ROS are good","volume":"22","author":"Mittler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-arplant-042817-040322","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species in plant signaling","volume":"69","author":"Waszczak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu. 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