{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:47:50Z","timestamp":1787791670016,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,20]],"date-time":"2020-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The plants of the Bougainvillea genus are widely explored regarding nutritive and medicinal purposes. In this study, dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol (MeOH) extracts of Bougainvillea glabra (Choisy.) aerial and flower parts were analyzed for high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (HPLC\u2013PDA), ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (UHPLC\u2013MS) phytochemical composition, and enzyme inhibition potential against key enzymes involved in diabetes (\u03b1-amylase), skin problems (tyrosinase), and inflammatory disorders (lipoxygenase (LOX)). HPLC\u2013PDA quantification revealed the identification of nine different polyphenolics, amongst which both flower extracts were richest. The flower MeOH extract contained the highest amount of catechin (6.31 \u03bcg\/g), gallic acid (2.39 \u03bcg\/g), and rutin (1.26 \u03bcg\/g). However, none of the quantified compounds were detected in the aerial DCM extract. UHPLC\u2013MS analysis of DCM extracts revealed the tentative identification of 27 secondary metabolites, where the most common belonged to terpenoid, alkaloid, and phenolic derivatives. Similarly, for enzyme inhibition, all the extracts presented moderate activity against tyrosinase and \u03b1-amylases, whereas, for LOX, both methanolic extracts showed higher percentage inhibition compared with DCM extracts. Based on our findings, B. glabra could be regarded as a perspective starting material for designing novel pharmaceuticals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants9030388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,20]],"date-time":"2020-03-20T11:42:11Z","timestamp":1584704531000},"page":"388","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["HPLC\u2013PDA Polyphenolic Quantification, UHPLC\u2013MS Secondary Metabolite Composition, and In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition Potential of Bougainvillea glabra"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Hammad","family":"Saleem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia"},{"name":"Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), University of Veterinary &amp; Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore 54000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thet Thet","family":"Htar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0648-8898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rakesh","family":"Naidu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0926-2790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sirajudheen","family":"Anwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology and Toxicology department, College of Pharmacy, Hail University, 81451 Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6548-7823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gokhan","family":"Zengin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, 42130 Campus\/Konya, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0840-825X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcello","family":"Locatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University \u2018G. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nafees","family":"Ahemad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia"},{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia"},{"name":"Global Asia in 21st Century Research Platform, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.5b01055","article-title":"Natural products as sources of new drugs from 1981 to 2014","volume":"79","author":"Newman","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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