{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T18:32:11Z","timestamp":1789410731563,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,8]],"date-time":"2018-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1518048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Three new cadmium coordination polymers, namely [Cd(NO3)2(DPNDI)(CH3OH)]\u00b7CH3OH (1), [Cd(SCN)2(DPNDI)] (2), and [Cd(DPNDI)2(DMF)2]\u00b72ClO4 (3) (DPNDI = N,N-di(4-pyridyl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalene diimide, DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide) have been synthesized by reactions of DPNDI with Cd(NO3)2, Cd(SCN)2, and Cd(ClO4)2, respectively. Compound 1 is a one-dimensional coordination polymer with strong lone pair-\u03c0 interactions between the coordinated NO3\u2212 anions and the imide ring of DPNDI; while 2 is a two-dimensional network with a (4, 4) net topology. In the case of 3, due to the presence of uncoordinated perchlorate counter ions, it exhibits a non-interpenetrated square-grid coordination polymer containing one-dimensional rhomboid channels. The structural diversity in these compounds is attributed to different coordination abilities and geometries of counter anions. Due to the presence of electron-deficient NDI moiety, the photochromic behavior of these compounds was studied. Interestingly, only compounds 1 and 3 exhibit color changes under light irradiation. The influence of the anions on the photochromism process of the NDI-based materials has been discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym10020165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,9]],"date-time":"2018-02-09T12:46:27Z","timestamp":1518180387000},"page":"165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Anion-Controlled Architecture and Photochromism of Naphthalene Diimide-Based Coordination Polymers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Jian-Jun","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau Chemical Functional Materials and Pollution Control, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu-Biao","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau Chemical Functional Materials and Pollution Control, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Lian","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau Chemical Functional Materials and Pollution Control, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau Chemical Functional Materials and Pollution Control, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei-Xiang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau Chemical Functional Materials and Pollution Control, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Ke","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau Chemical Functional Materials and Pollution Control, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4976","DOI":"10.1039\/C7CS00162B","article-title":"Nonlinear optical properties, upconversion and lasing in metal\u2013organic frameworks","volume":"46","author":"Medishetty","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10244","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.6b05261","article-title":"High methane storage working capacity in metal organic frameworks with acrylate links","volume":"138","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5766","DOI":"10.1039\/C4CS00006D","article-title":"Adsorptive separation on metal\u2013organic frameworks in the liquid phase","volume":"43","author":"Bueken","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3357","DOI":"10.1039\/C7CS00108H","article-title":"Metal\u2013organic frameworks for the removal of toxic industrial chemicals and chemical warfare agents","volume":"46","author":"Bobbitt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1021\/cr2003147","article-title":"Homochiral metal\u2013organic frameworks for asymmetric heterogeneous catalysis","volume":"112","author":"Yoon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1021\/cr200324t","article-title":"Metal\u2013organic framework materials as chemical sensors","volume":"112","author":"Kreno","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1021\/cr200101d","article-title":"Luminescent functional metal\u2013organic frameworks","volume":"112","author":"Cui","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5561","DOI":"10.1039\/C4CS00003J","article-title":"Tuning the structure and function of metal\u2013organic frameworks via linker design","volume":"43","author":"Lu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1021\/cr200304e","article-title":"Synthesis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs): Routes to various MOF topologies, morphologies, and composites","volume":"112","author":"Stock","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15406","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5b11150","article-title":"Synthesis of a chiral crystal form of MOF-5, CMOF-5, by chiral induction","volume":"137","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5864","DOI":"10.1039\/C7CE01379E","article-title":"Self-assembly of new M(II) coordination polymers based on asymmetric 1,3,4-oxadiazole-containing ligands: Effect of counterions and magnetic properties","volume":"19","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"CrystEngComm"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3883","DOI":"10.1039\/c4ce00125g","article-title":"Construction of three pH-dependent luminescent metal\u2013organic frameworks with 3-(4-carboxyphen-yl)-1,3-benzoimidazole","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"CrystEngComm"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1039\/C2CE26559A","article-title":"Hydrothermal synthesis of benzothiazole\u2013carboxylic cadmium(II) coordination networks: pH-Controlled topologies and compositional distributions","volume":"15","author":"Yu","year":"2013","journal-title":"CrystEngComm"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6902","DOI":"10.1021\/ja8008693","article-title":"Temperature-dependent 3-D CuI coordination polymers of calix[4]-bis-dithiacrown: Crystal-to-crystal transformation and photoluminescence change on coordinated solvent removal","volume":"130","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1021\/ic025851h","article-title":"From metallacyclophanes to 1-D coordination polymers:\u2009 Role of anions in self-assembly processes of copper(II) and 2,5-bis(3-pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole","volume":"42","author":"Du","year":"2003","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1021\/ic048986r","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of a porous magnetic diamond framework, Co3(HCOO)6, and Its N2 sorption characteristic","volume":"44","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4142","DOI":"10.1039\/C5CE02503F","article-title":"Anion-controlled assembly of a series of heterometallic 3d\u20134f compounds with 0D cluster, 1D chain, 2D network and 3D frameworks","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"CrystEngComm"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8877","DOI":"10.1039\/c3ce40809d","article-title":"Anion-controlled formation of two silver lamella frameworks based on in situ ligand reaction","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"CrystEngComm"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1021\/ic201417y","article-title":"Anion-dependent formation of helicates versus mesocates of triple-stranded M2L3 (M = Fe2+, Cu2+) Complexes","volume":"51","author":"Cui","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3964","DOI":"10.1021\/cg1005242","article-title":"Silver coordination polymers based on neutral trinitrile ligand: Topology and the role of anion","volume":"10","author":"Ni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1021\/cm7031866","article-title":"Template effects in porous coordination polymers","volume":"20","author":"Tanaka","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2836","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.6b00163","article-title":"Anion-mediated architecture and photochromism of rigid bipyridinium-based coordination polymers","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5414","DOI":"10.1039\/C7DT00457E","article-title":"Halogen-dependent photoinduced electron transfer and chromism of three protonated nicotinohydrazide halozincates","volume":"46","author":"Shen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12212","DOI":"10.1039\/c2jm30558e","article-title":"Solvent- and anion-controlled photochromism of viologen-based metal\u2013organic hybrid materials","volume":"22","author":"Sun","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11685","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.6b00160","article-title":"Functional naphthalene diimides: Synthesis, properties, and applications","volume":"116","author":"Kobaisi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2011.03.013","article-title":"Progress in the study of metal\u2013organic materials applying naphthalene diimide (NDI) ligands","volume":"255","author":"Pan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1039\/B615857A","article-title":"Chemistry of naphthalene diimides","volume":"37","author":"Bhosale","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9940","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201305356","article-title":"Catalysis with Anion-\u03c0 interactions","volume":"52","author":"Zhao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1039\/C2CC37497H","article-title":"A novel photochromic calcium-based metal\u2013organic framework derived from a naphthalene diimide chromophore","volume":"49","author":"Han","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.5b02480","article-title":"A Naphthalenediimide-based metal\u2013organic framework and thin film exhibiting photochromic and electrochromic properties","volume":"55","author":"Xie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2763","DOI":"10.1021\/cg1014913","article-title":"Structural diversity of a series of Mn(II), Cd(II), and Co(II) complexes with pyridine donor diimide ligands","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1039\/C4SC03224A","article-title":"Solid state organic amine detection in a photochromic porous metal organic framework","volume":"6","author":"Mallick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1002\/zaac.201400550","article-title":"Solvothermal syntheses, crystal structures, and luminescent properties of two new cadmium(II) coordination polymers based on rigid\/flexible dicarboxylate and N,N\u2032-Bis(4-pyridyl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxydiimide","volume":"641","author":"Feng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10530","DOI":"10.1039\/C4CE01283F","article-title":"Polyoxometalate anion-\u03c0 interaction-directed assembly of a three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded supramolecular framework with nanoscale porosity","volume":"16","author":"Liao","year":"2014","journal-title":"CrystEngComm"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13679","DOI":"10.1021\/ja303173n","article-title":"Boundaries of anion\/naphthalenediimide interactions: From anion-\u03c0 interactions to anion-induced charge-transfer and electron-transfer phenomena","volume":"134","author":"Guha","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1107\/S0108767307043930","article-title":"A short history of SHELX","volume":"64","author":"Sheldrick","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1107\/S2053229614024218","article-title":"Crystal structure refinement with SHELXL","volume":"71","author":"Sheldrick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr. C"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1039\/C4DT03124E","article-title":"Lone pair-\u03c0 interaction-induced generation of non-interpenetrated and photochromic cuboid 3-D naphthalene diimide coordination networks","volume":"44","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1107\/S0021889802022112","article-title":"Single-crystal structure validation with the program PLATON","volume":"36","author":"Spek","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Appl. Cryst."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4345","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.5b00041","article-title":"Multifunctional radical-doped polyoxometalate-based host\u2212guest material: Photochromism and photocatalytic activity","volume":"54","author":"Liao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4724","DOI":"10.1039\/C4SC01551G","article-title":"Controlling charge separation in a novel donor\u2013acceptor metal\u2013organic framework via redox modulation","volume":"5","author":"Leong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5815","DOI":"10.1039\/C4CS00010B","article-title":"Luminescent metal\u2013organic frameworks for chemical sensing and explosive detection","volume":"43","author":"Hu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2010.12.034","article-title":"Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 in methanol to methyl formate over CuO\u2013TiO2 composite catalysts","volume":"356","author":"Qin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4952","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.5b00857","article-title":"Anion-\u03c0 Interaction-Directed Assembly of Polyoxometalate-Based Host\u2013Guest Compounds and Its Contribution to Photochromism","volume":"15","author":"Liao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17312","DOI":"10.1039\/C5DT02970H","article-title":"The impact of lone pair-\u03c0 interactions on photochromic properties in 1-D naphthalene diimide coordination networks","volume":"44","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4225","DOI":"10.1039\/c0cc00078g","article-title":"Core-substituted naphthalenediimides","volume":"46","author":"Sakai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."}],"container-title":["Polymers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/10\/2\/165\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T14:54:19Z","timestamp":1760194459000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/10\/2\/165"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,8]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]}},"alternative-id":["polym10020165"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym10020165","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,8]]}}}