{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T21:38:19Z","timestamp":1784842699943,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":251,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,13]],"date-time":"2018-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1518480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012818","name":"Community of Madrid","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["B2017\/BMD-3760"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B2017\/BMD-3760"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness","award":["MAT2016-79832-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MAT2016-79832-R"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness","award":["MAT2015-66666-C3-3-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MAT2015-66666-C3-3-R"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of advanced biomaterials as a structural and functional support for stem cells-based therapeutic implants has boosted the development of tissue engineering applications in multiple clinical fields. In relation to neurological disorders, we are still far from the clinical reality of restoring normal brain function in neurodegenerative diseases and cerebrovascular disorders. Hydrogel polymers show unique mechanical stiffness properties in the range of living soft tissues such as nervous tissue. Furthermore, the use of these polymers drastically enhances the engraftment of stem cells as well as their capacity to produce and deliver neuroprotective and neuroregenerative factors in the host tissue. Along this article, we review past and current trends in experimental and translational research to understand the opportunities, benefits, and types of tentative hydrogel-based applications for the treatment of cerebral disorders. Although the use of hydrogels for brain disorders has been restricted to the experimental area, the current level of knowledge anticipates an intense development of this field to reach clinics in forthcoming years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym10020184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,13]],"date-time":"2018-02-13T14:23:48Z","timestamp":1518531828000},"page":"184","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Hydrogels-Assisted Cell Engraftment for Repairing the Stroke-Damaged Brain: Chimera or Reality"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Nieto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Tecnolog\u00eda Fot\u00f3nica y Bioingenier\u00eda, ETSI Telecomunicaciones, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"P\u00e9rez-Rigueiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7254-6270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo","family":"Guinea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0897-411X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fivos","family":"Panetsos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurocomputing and Neurorobotics Research Group: Faculty of Biology and Faculty of Optics, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria, Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos Madrid, IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2015.00155","article-title":"The Dark Side of the Force\u2014Constraints and Complications of Cell Therapies for Stroke","volume":"6","author":"Boltze","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2011.07733.x","article-title":"Transplantation of Flk-1+ human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells promotes angiogenesis and neurogenesis after cerebral ischemia in rats","volume":"34","author":"Bao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr094","article-title":"Human neural stem cells enhance structural plasticity and axonal transport in the ischaemic brain","volume":"134","author":"Andres","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2007.05702.x","article-title":"Survival, migration and neuronal differentiation of human fetal striatal and cortical neural stem cells grafted in stroke-damaged rat striatum","volume":"26","author":"Darsalia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11839","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0404474101","article-title":"Transplanted human fetal neural stem cells survive, migrate, and differentiate in ischemic rat cerebral cortex","volume":"101","author":"Kelly","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mora-Lee, S., Sirerol-Piquer, M.S., Gutierrez-Perez, M., Gomez-Pinedo, U., Roobrouck, V.D., Lopez, T., Casado-Nieto, M., Abizanda, G., Rabena, M.T., and Verfaille, C. (2012). Therapeutic effects of hMAPC and hMSC transplantation after stroke in mice. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043683"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2015.07.023","article-title":"Circumventing the blood-brain barrier: Local delivery of cyclosporin A stimulates stem cells in stroke-injured rat brain","volume":"215","author":"Tuladhar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4154","article-title":"3K3A-activated protein C stimulates postischemic neuronal repair by human neural stem cells in mice","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S6","DOI":"10.1038\/510S6a","article-title":"Drug delivery: Brain food","volume":"510","author":"Hoag","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e146","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000485","article-title":"Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2017 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association","volume":"135","author":"Benjamin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4988","DOI":"10.1039\/c0sm00448k","article-title":"Design of biomaterials to enhance stem cell survival when transplanted into the damaged central nervous system","volume":"6","author":"Cooke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"332","article-title":"Advanced biomaterials for repairing the nervous system: What can hydrogels do for the brain?","volume":"17","author":"Khaing","year":"2014","journal-title":"Materialstoday"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-016-0470-x","article-title":"Biomaterials for Enhancing CNS Repair","volume":"8","author":"Lim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl. Stroke Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2685","article-title":"Biomaterials for promoting brain protection, repair and regeneration","volume":"10","author":"Orive","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GBD-2013-study (2015). Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990\u20132013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet, 385, 117\u2013171.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61682-2"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/21.2.166","article-title":"The prevalence of stroke and associated disability","volume":"21","author":"Thomson","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Public Health Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e259","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70089-5","article-title":"Global and regional burden of first-ever ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke during 1990\u20132010: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010","volume":"1","author":"Krishnamurthi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.2147\/VHRM.S53203","article-title":"Strokes in young adults: Epidemiology and prevention","volume":"11","author":"Smajlovic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vasc. Health Risk Manag."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200009073431007","article-title":"Treatment of acute ischemic stroke","volume":"343","author":"Brott","year":"2000","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30962-X","article-title":"Stroke","volume":"389","author":"Hankey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2365","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1414792","article-title":"Endovascular therapy for ischemic stroke","volume":"372","author":"Campbell","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00163-X","article-title":"Endovascular thrombectomy after large-vessel ischaemic stroke: A meta-analysis of individual patient data from five randomised trials","volume":"387","author":"Goyal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1415061","article-title":"Stent-retriever thrombectomy after intravenous t-PA vs. t-PA alone in stroke","volume":"372","author":"Saver","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60584-5","article-title":"Effect of treatment delay, age, and stroke severity on the effects of intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase for acute ischaemic stroke: A meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomised trials","volume":"384","author":"Emberson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.05.041","article-title":"Novel Stroke Therapeutics: Unraveling Stroke Pathophysiology and Its Impact on Clinical Treatments","volume":"87","author":"George","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphys.2015.05.017","article-title":"Rehabilitation that incorporates virtual reality is more effective than standard rehabilitation for improving walking speed, balance and mobility after stroke: A systematic review","volume":"61","author":"Corbetta","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Physiother."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laver, K.E., George, S., Thomas, S., Deutsch, J.E., and Crotty, M. (2015). Virtual reality for stroke rehabilitation. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., CD008349.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008349.pub3"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.3171\/JNS\/2008\/108\/4\/0707","article-title":"Cortical stimulation for the rehabilitation of patients with hemiparetic stroke: A multicenter feasibility study of safety and efficacy","volume":"108","author":"Levy","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968315575613","article-title":"Epidural Electrical Stimulation for Stroke Rehabilitation: Results of the Prospective, Multicenter, Randomized, Single-Blinded Everest Trial","volume":"30","author":"Levy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurorehabil. Neural Repair"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh456","article-title":"Vicarious function within the human primary motor cortex? A longitudinal fMRI stroke study","volume":"128","author":"Jaillard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5269.1791","article-title":"Neural substrates for the effects of rehabilitative training on motor recovery after ischemic infarct","volume":"272","author":"Nudo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2016.00584","article-title":"Enhancing Nervous System Recovery through Neurobiologics, Neural Interface Training, and Neurorehabilitation","volume":"10","author":"Krucoff","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1997.6730","article-title":"Transplantation of cryopreserved human embryonal carcinoma-derived neurons (NT2N cells) promotes functional recovery in ischemic rats","volume":"149","author":"Borlongan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3908(00)00006-X","article-title":"Intracerebral transplantation of bone marrow with BDNF after MCAo in rat","volume":"39","author":"Chen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(01)00557-3","article-title":"Therapeutic benefit of intracerebral transplantation of bone marrow stromal cells after cerebral ischemia in rats","volume":"189","author":"Chen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.32.4.1005","article-title":"Therapeutic benefit of intravenous administration of bone marrow stromal cells after cerebral ischemia in rats","volume":"32","author":"Chen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-200009000-00006","article-title":"Intrastriatal transplantation of bone marrow nonhematopoietic cells improves functional recovery after stroke in adult mice","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow MeTable"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20501","article-title":"Autologous mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in stroke patients","volume":"57","author":"Bang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2016.186","article-title":"Preliminary Reports of Stereotaxic Stem Cell Transplants in Chronic Stroke Patients","volume":"24","author":"Borlongan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31259-4","article-title":"Age of PISCES: Stem-cell clinical trials in stroke","volume":"388","author":"Borlongan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2005.103.1.0038","article-title":"Neurotransplantation for patients with subcortical motor stroke: A phase 2 randomized trial","volume":"103","author":"Kondziolka","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.4.565","article-title":"Transplantation of cultured human neuronal cells for patients with stroke","volume":"55","author":"Kondziolka","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199504273321702","article-title":"Neuropathological evidence of graft survival and striatal reinnervation after the transplantation of fetal mesencephalic tissue in a patient with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"332","author":"Kordower","year":"1995","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.430","article-title":"A long-term follow-up study of intravenous autologous mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in patients with ischemic stroke","volume":"28","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410350208","article-title":"Evidence for long-term survival and function of dopaminergic grafts in progressive Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"35","author":"Lindvall","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1159\/000086518","article-title":"Neurotransplantation of fetal porcine cells in patients with basal ganglia infarcts: A preliminary safety and feasibility study","volume":"20","author":"Savitz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.116.012995","article-title":"Clinical Outcomes of Transplanted Modified Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Stroke: A Phase 1\/2a Study","volume":"47","author":"Steinberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1126\/science.113.2940.510","article-title":"Recovery from radiation injury","volume":"113","author":"Jacobson","year":"1951","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"197","article-title":"Modification of irradiation injury in mice and guinea pigs by bone marrow injections","volume":"12","author":"Lorenz","year":"1951","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM195709122571102","article-title":"Intravenous infusion of bone marrow in patients receiving radiation and chemotherapy","volume":"257","author":"Thomas","year":"1957","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0905955","article-title":"Limbal stem-cell therapy and long-term corneal regeneration","volume":"363","author":"Rama","year":"2010","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"637","article-title":"Stem Cell Therapy for Perianal Fistulas in Crohn\u2019s Disease","volume":"12","author":"Panes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol (N.Y.)"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24487","article-title":"Regeneration of the entire human epidermis using transgenic stem cells","volume":"551","author":"Hirsch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2015.06.007","article-title":"Stem Cell Therapies in Clinical Trials: Progress and Challenges","volume":"17","author":"Trounson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2016.08.012","article-title":"Overcoming Challenges Facing Advanced Therapies in the EU Market","volume":"19","author":"Elsanhoury","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2016.25","article-title":"The future of cancer treatment: Immunomodulation, CARs and combination immunotherapy","volume":"13","author":"Khalil","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21400","article-title":"Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Ischemic Stroke: Preclinical Results and the Potential of Imaging-Assisted Evaluation of Donor Cell Fate and Mechanisms of Brain Regeneration","volume":"36","author":"Gervois","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-4949.2012.00797.x","article-title":"Stem cell-based therapy for experimental stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Lees","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Stroke"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2314","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X17700432","article-title":"Neural stem cell transplantation in ischemic stroke: A role for preconditioning and cellular engineering","volume":"37","author":"Bernstock","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow MeTable"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(99)01401-0","article-title":"Pathobiology of ischaemic stroke: An integrated view","volume":"22","author":"Dirnagl","year":"1999","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramos-Cabrer, P., Justicia, C., Wiedermann, D., and Hoehn, M. (2010). Stem cell mediation of functional recovery after stroke in the rat. PLoS ONE, 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012779"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200420622","article-title":"Administration of CD34+ cells after stroke enhances neurogenesis via angiogenesis in a mouse model","volume":"114","author":"Taguchi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.8.1.51","article-title":"Cortical evoked potential and extracellular K+ and H+ at critical levels of brain ischemia","volume":"8","author":"Astrup","year":"1977","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2735","article-title":"Plasticity during stroke recovery: From synapse to behaviour","volume":"10","author":"Murphy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn989","article-title":"Parsing the prosencephalon","volume":"3","author":"Rallu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14002","article-title":"Mechanisms of neuronal migration in the adult brain","volume":"141","author":"Kaneko","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2018.01.003","article-title":"Adult Neurogenesis Is Sustained by Symmetric Self-Renewal and Differentiation","volume":"22","author":"Obernier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1038\/nm747","article-title":"Neuronal replacement from endogenous precursors in the adult brain after stroke","volume":"8","author":"Arvidsson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2382","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2007-1062","article-title":"Noninvasive and quantitative monitoring of adult neuronal stem cell migration in mouse brain using bioluminescence imaging","volume":"26","author":"Reumers","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2004.04.038","article-title":"Human neural stem cells improve sensorimotor deficits in the adult rat brain with experimental focal ischemia","volume":"1016","author":"Chu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"1043","article-title":"Transplanted neural stem cells survive, differentiate, and improve neurological motor function after experimental traumatic brain injury","volume":"51","author":"Riess","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1177\/147323001103900216","article-title":"Functional recovery after transplantation of neural stem cells modified by brain-derived neurotrophic factor in rats with cerebral ischaemia","volume":"39","author":"Zhu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Int. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2104","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2006-0726","article-title":"Increased dentate neurogenesis after grafting of glial restricted progenitors or neural stem cells in the aging hippocampus","volume":"25","author":"Hattiangady","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-016-2098-3","article-title":"Effects of Neural Stem Cell and Olfactory Ensheathing Cell Co-transplants on Tissue Remodelling After Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia in the Adult Rat","volume":"42","author":"Augestad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harms, K.M., Li, L., and Cunningham, L.A. (2010). Murine neural stem\/progenitor cells protect neurons against ischemia by HIF-1alpha-regulated VEGF signaling. PLoS ONE, 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009767"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2008.38","article-title":"Neural stem\/progenitor cells promote endothelial cell morphogenesis and protect endothelial cells against ischemia via HIF-1alpha-regulated VEGF signaling","volume":"28","author":"Roitbak","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow MeTable"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000247888.25985.62","article-title":"Cell transplantation therapy for stroke","volume":"38","author":"Bliss","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2016.01.012","article-title":"Stem and Progenitor Cell-Based Therapy of the Central Nervous System: Hopes, Hype, and Wishful Thinking","volume":"18","author":"Goldman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2004.12.016","article-title":"Transplantation of embryonic stem cells overexpressing Bcl-2 promotes functional recovery after transient cerebral ischemia","volume":"19","author":"Wei","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2006.08.007","article-title":"Improvement of focal ischemia-induced rat dopaminergic dysfunction by striatal transplantation of mouse embryonic stem cells","volume":"407","author":"Yanagisawa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5391.1145","article-title":"Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts","volume":"282","author":"Thomson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1827","article-title":"From teratocarcinomas to embryonic stem cells and beyond: A history of embryonic stem cell research","volume":"7","author":"Solter","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2012.02.003","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells: Therapeutic outlook for stroke","volume":"18","author":"Honmou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2009.0271","article-title":"Intravenous route of cell delivery for treatment of neurological disorders: A meta-analysis of preclinical results","volume":"19","author":"Janowski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2008.03.096","article-title":"Marrow stromal cell transplantation in stroke and traumatic brain injury","volume":"456","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-017-2713-x","article-title":"Modeling neurological diseases using iPSC-derived neural cells : IPSC modeling of neurological diseases","volume":"371","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2010.06.003","article-title":"Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from human terminally differentiated circulating T cells","volume":"7","author":"Seki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.07.024","article-title":"Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors","volume":"126","author":"Takahashi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.3727\/096368910X491374","article-title":"The efficient generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from adult mouse adipose tissue-derived and neural stem cells","volume":"19","author":"Tat","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Transplant."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2009.0452","article-title":"Functional improvement of focal cerebral ischemia injury by subdural transplantation of induced pluripotent stem cells with fibrin glue","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stem. Cells Dev."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-011-0806-5","article-title":"Induction of pluripotent stem cells transplantation therapy for ischemic stroke","volume":"354","author":"Jiang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biochem."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/scrt224","article-title":"Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem cells survive, migrate, differentiate, and improve neurologic function in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion","volume":"4","author":"Yuan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2010.32","article-title":"Tridermal tumorigenesis of induced pluripotent stem cells transplanted in ischemic brain","volume":"30","author":"Kawai","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow MeTable"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2015.11.003","article-title":"Genomic Instability in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Arises from Replicative Stress and Chromosome Condensation Defects","volume":"18","author":"Lamm","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09798","article-title":"Hotspots of aberrant epigenomic reprogramming in human induced pluripotent stem cells","volume":"471","author":"Lister","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.454","article-title":"Bone marrow mononuclear cells promote proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells through vascular niches after cerebral infarction","volume":"28","author":"Nakagomi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3444","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5165-05.2006","article-title":"Intracerebral peripheral blood stem cell (CD34+) implantation induces neuroplasticity by enhancing beta1 integrin-mediated angiogenesis in chronic stroke rats","volume":"26","author":"Shyu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_98","first-page":"393","article-title":"The development of fibroblast colonies in monolayer cultures of guinea-pig bone marrow and spleen cells","volume":"3","author":"Friedenstein","year":"1970","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Kinet."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-100913-013132","article-title":"\u201cMesenchymal\u201d stem cells","volume":"30","author":"Bianco","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5144","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-07-368506","article-title":"Connexin-43 in the osteogenic BM niche regulates its cellular composition and the bidirectional traffic of hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors","volume":"119","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09262","article-title":"Mesenchymal and haematopoietic stem cells form a unique bone marrow niche","volume":"466","author":"Michurina","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000063425.51108.8D","article-title":"Intravenous administration of human bone marrow stromal cells induces angiogenesis in the ischemic boundary zone after stroke in rats","volume":"92","author":"Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.584","article-title":"Transplanted stem cell-secreted vascular endothelial growth factor effects poststroke recovery, inflammation, and vascular repair","volume":"29","author":"Horie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.112.677328","article-title":"Intra-arterial cell transplantation provides timing-dependent cell distribution and functional recovery after stroke","volume":"44","author":"Ishizaka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.184506","article-title":"Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell therapy in ischemic stroke: Mechanisms of action and treatment optimization strategies","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3727\/000000001783986972","article-title":"Adult bone marrow transplantation after stroke in adult rats","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell Transplant."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-012-9798-2","article-title":"Mesenchymal stromal cells rescue cortical neurons from apoptotic cell death in an in vitro model of cerebral ischemia","volume":"32","author":"Scheibe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2012.55","article-title":"Immune effects of mesenchymal stromal cells in experimental stroke","volume":"32","author":"Scheibe","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow MeTable"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci3010239","article-title":"Stem cell transplantation for neuroprotection in stroke","volume":"3","author":"Shinozuka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10711","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.19.10711","article-title":"Marrow stromal cells migrate throughout forebrain and cerebellum, and they differentiate into astrocytes after injection into neonatal mouse brains","volume":"96","author":"Kopen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2769","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2009.0686","article-title":"Survival and neuronal differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells transplanted into the rodent brain are dependent upon microenvironment","volume":"16","author":"Lepski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part A"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02069","article-title":"Fusion of bone-marrow-derived cells with Purkinje neurons, cardiomyocytes and hepatocytes","volume":"425","author":"Pardal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3163","article-title":"Cross-talk between neural stem cells and immune cells: The key to better brain repair?","volume":"15","author":"Kokaia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-8-63","article-title":"Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells markedly attenuate brain infarct size and improve neurological function in rats","volume":"8","author":"Leu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4619","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-11-3909","article-title":"Human bone marrow stromal cells inhibit allogeneic T-cell responses by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-mediated tryptophan degradation","volume":"103","author":"Meisel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2014.9","article-title":"Human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cell transplantation suppresses inflammatory responses and neuronal apoptosis during early stage of focal cerebral ischemia in rabbits","volume":"35","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22038","article-title":"Stem cells for ischemic brain injury: A critical review","volume":"515","author":"Burns","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2718","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000190020.30282.cc","article-title":"Neurogenesis in rats after focal cerebral ischemia is enhanced by indomethacin","volume":"36","author":"Hoehn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2600","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2014.0088","article-title":"Regulation of mouse microglia activation and effector functions by bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"23","author":"Hegyi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-014-9070-5","article-title":"Differential Roles of M1 and M2 Microglia in Neurodegenerative Diseases","volume":"53","author":"Tang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20126","article-title":"Gliosis and brain remodeling after treatment of stroke in rats with marrow stromal cells","volume":"49","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00526","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.526","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-based treatments for stroke, neural trauma, and heat stroke","volume":"6","author":"Hsuan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Behav."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.22279","article-title":"Transplantation of human mesenchymal stem cells promotes functional improvement and increased expression of neurotrophic factors in a rat focal cerebral ischemia model","volume":"88","author":"Wakabayashi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2014.01.008","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells rescue injured endothelial cells in an in vitro ischemia-reperfusion model via tunneling nanotube like structure-mediated mitochondrial transfer","volume":"92","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microvasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.3727\/096368912X657909","article-title":"Restoration of intracortical and thalamocortical circuits after transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into the ischemic brain of mice","volume":"22","author":"Song","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Transplant."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0953-816x.2001.01611.x","article-title":"N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated increase of neurogenesis in adult rat dentate gyrus following stroke","volume":"14","author":"Arvidsson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10393","article-title":"Rat forebrain neurogenesis and striatal neuron replacement after focal stroke","volume":"52","author":"Parent","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2005.11.029","article-title":"Allogeneic bone marrow stromal cells promote glial-axonal remodeling without immunologic sensitization after stroke in rats","volume":"198","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.607226","article-title":"Bone marrow stromal cells promote skilled motor recovery and enhance contralesional axonal connections after ischemic stroke in adult mice","volume":"42","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23543","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells restore cortical rewiring after neonatal ischemia in mice","volume":"71","author":"Kavelaars","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2016.01.061","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes from different sources selectively promote neuritic outgrowth","volume":"320","author":"Caviedes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.2575","article-title":"Concise Review: MSC-Derived Exosomes for Cell-Free Therapy","volume":"35","author":"Phinney","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2659","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-9851-0","article-title":"Exosomes Derived from Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Promote Axonal Growth of Cortical Neurons","volume":"54","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2737","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1409","article-title":"MiR-133b promotes neural plasticity and functional recovery after treatment of stroke with multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells in rats via transfer of exosome-enriched extracellular particles","volume":"31","author":"Xin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-9726.2010.00638.x","article-title":"Delayed transplantation of human neural precursor cells improves outcome from focal cerebral ischemia in aged rats","volume":"9","author":"Jin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3834-03.2004","article-title":"Efficacy of rehabilitative experience declines with time after focal ischemic brain injury","volume":"24","author":"Biernaskie","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000278","article-title":"Meta-analysis of preclinical studies of mesenchymal stromal cells for ischemic stroke","volume":"82","author":"Vu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2010.11.054","article-title":"Functional recovery after hematic administration of allogenic mesenchymal stem cells in acute ischemic stroke in rats","volume":"175","author":"Merino","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/scrt544","article-title":"The cerebral embolism evoked by intra-arterial delivery of allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in rats is related to cell dose and infusion velocity","volume":"6","author":"Cui","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-013-9492-x","article-title":"The size of mesenchymal stem cells is a significant cause of vascular obstructions and stroke","volume":"10","author":"Ge","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rev."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2475","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-012-0915-1","article-title":"Intranasal treatment of central nervous system dysfunction in humans","volume":"30","author":"Chapman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2011.11.002","article-title":"Intranasal delivery of biologics to the central nervous system","volume":"64","author":"Lochhead","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-016-0482-6","article-title":"Stem Cell Therapy and Administration Routes After Stroke","volume":"7","author":"Fuentes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transl. Stroke Res."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2016.04.021","article-title":"Hydrogels for brain repair after stroke: An emerging treatment option","volume":"40","author":"Nih","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2230","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1204386109","article-title":"A role for ephrin-A5 in axonal sprouting, recovery, and activity-dependent plasticity after stroke","volume":"109","author":"Overman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.3083","article-title":"Comparison of intracerebral transplantation effects of different stem cells on rodent stroke models","volume":"33","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Biochem. Funct."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moshayedi, P., and Carmichael, S.T. (2013). Hyaluronan, neural stem cells and tissue reconstruction after acute ischemic stroke. Biomatter, 3.","DOI":"10.4161\/biom.23863"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20612","article-title":"Autologous mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in stroke patients","volume":"58","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2012.10.015","article-title":"Stem cell therapy: A clinical trial of stroke","volume":"115","author":"Bhasin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S65","DOI":"10.3727\/096368914X684961","article-title":"A two-year follow-up study of cotransplantation with neural stem\/progenitor cells and mesenchymal stromal cells in ischemic stroke patients","volume":"23","author":"Qiao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Transplant."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S13","DOI":"10.3727\/096368912X612512","article-title":"Intra-arterial infusion of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells in patients with moderate to severe middle cerebral artery acute ischemic stroke","volume":"21","author":"Friedrich","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Transplant."},{"key":"ref_152","first-page":"151","article-title":"Autologous bone marrow stem cell neurotransplantation in stroke patients. An open study","volume":"27","year":"2009","journal-title":"Restor. Neurol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.003","article-title":"Optimizing the success of cell transplantation therapy for stroke","volume":"37","author":"Bliss","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2005.09.059","article-title":"Caspase-mediated cell death predominates following engraftment of neural progenitor cells into traumatically injured rat brain","volume":"1065","author":"Bakshi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2015.04.008","article-title":"A Hyaluronan-Based Injectable Hydrogel Improves the Survival and Integration of Stem Cell Progeny following Transplantation","volume":"4","author":"Ballios","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reports"},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2009.02.012","article-title":"The support of neural stem cells transplanted into stroke-induced brain cavities by PLGA particles","volume":"30","author":"Bible","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_157","first-page":"154","article-title":"[Intra-cameral lenses made of hydrocolloidal acrylates]","volume":"16","author":"Dreifus","year":"1960","journal-title":"Cesk. Oftalmol."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1038\/185117a0","article-title":"Hydrophilic Gels for Biological Use","volume":"185","author":"Wichterle","year":"1960","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2016.10.052","article-title":"A three-dimensional spheroidal cancer model based on PEG-fibrinogen hydrogel microspheres","volume":"115","author":"Pradhan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2016.03.003","article-title":"Stem cells and injectable hydrogels: Synergistic therapeutics in myocardial repair","volume":"34","author":"Sepantafar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2013.07.006","article-title":"Hydrogel: Preparation, characterization, and applications: A review","volume":"6","author":"Ahmed","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6532","DOI":"10.1039\/C7CS00445A","article-title":"Spatiotemporal hydrogel biomaterials for regenerative medicine","volume":"46","author":"Brown","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_163","unstructured":"Carpi, A. (2011). Hydrogels: Methods of Preparation, Characterisation and Applications. Progress in Molecular and Environmental Bioengineering\u2014From Analysis and Modeling to Technology Applications, InTech. Chapter 5."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14294","article-title":"Shape-changing magnetic assemblies as high-sensitivity NMR-readable nanoprobes","volume":"520","author":"Zabow","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.2174\/1874082000701010007","article-title":"Cell Growth in Response to Mechanical Stiffness is Affected by Neuron- Astroglia Interactions","volume":"107","author":"Jiang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Open Neurosci. J."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.32787","article-title":"Effect of macromer weight percent on neural cell growth in 2D and 3D nondegradable PEG hydrogel culture","volume":"94","author":"Lampe","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb3040839","article-title":"Building biocompatible hydrogels for tissue engineering of the brain and spinal cord","volume":"3","author":"Aurand","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Funct. Biomater."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/4\/2\/003","article-title":"Neurite outgrowth and branching of PC12 cells on very soft substrates sharply decreases below a threshold of substrate rigidity","volume":"4","author":"Leach","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neural. Eng."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2011.12.019","article-title":"Magnetic resonance elastography of the brain in a mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Initial results","volume":"30","author":"Murphy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13811","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1324214111","article-title":"Bioengineered functional brain-like cortical tissue","volume":"111","author":"White","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3012","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.105.073114","article-title":"Matrices with compliance comparable to that of brain tissue select neuronal over glial growth in mixed cortical cultures","volume":"90","author":"Georges","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1039\/B610522J","article-title":"Soft biological materials and their impact on cell function","volume":"3","author":"Levental","year":"2007","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2010.01.125","article-title":"The effects of hyaluronic acid hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties on neural progenitor cell differentiation","volume":"31","author":"Seidlits","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.07.002","article-title":"Mechanical difference between white and gray matter in the rat cerebellum measured by scanning force microscopy","volume":"43","author":"Christ","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-3659(01)00500-4","article-title":"In situ forming degradable networks and their application in tissue engineering and drug delivery","volume":"78","author":"Anseth","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(00)00120-2","article-title":"Mechanical properties of brain tissue in-vivo: Experiment and computer simulation","volume":"33","author":"Miller","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"046033","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/8\/4\/046033","article-title":"High molecular weight hyaluronic acid limits astrocyte activation and scar formation after spinal cord injury","volume":"8","author":"Khaing","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neural. Eng."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2005.04.016","article-title":"The repair of brain lesion by implantation of hyaluronic acid hydrogels modified with laminin","volume":"148","author":"Hou","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201400410","article-title":"Hydrogel design of experiments methodology to optimize hydrogel for iPSC-NPC culture","volume":"4","author":"Lam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7053","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201401483","article-title":"Delivery of iPS-NPCs to the Stroke Cavity within a Hyaluronic Acid Matrix Promotes the Differentiation of Transplanted Cells","volume":"24","author":"Lam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000369610.76181.CF","article-title":"Noninvasive transplantation of bone marrow stromal cells for ischemic stroke: Preliminary study with a thermoreversible gelation polymer hydrogel","volume":"66","author":"Osanai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2005.11.015","article-title":"Fast-gelling injectable blend of hyaluronan and methylcellulose for intrathecal, localized delivery to the injured spinal cord","volume":"27","author":"Gupta","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nih, L.R., Sideris, E., Carmichael, S.T., and Segura, T. (2017). Injection of Microporous Annealing Particle (MAP) Hydrogels in the Stroke Cavity Reduces Gliosis and Inflammation and Promotes NPC Migration to the Lesion. Adv. Mater., 29.","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201606471"},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.07.069","article-title":"Peptide-Based Scaffolds Support Human Cortical Progenitor Graft Integration to Reduce Atrophy and Promote Functional Repair in a Model of Stroke","volume":"20","author":"Somaa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.32519","article-title":"Nerve regeneration following spinal cord injury using matrix metalloproteinase-sensitive, hyaluronic acid-based biomimetic hydrogel scaffold containing brain-derived neurotrophic factor","volume":"93","author":"Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A"},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2015.08.040","article-title":"Concentration-dependent rheological properties of ECM hydrogel for intracerebral delivery to a stroke cavity","volume":"27","author":"Massensini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3518","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201500762","article-title":"An Injectable, Self-Healing Hydrogel to Repair the Central Nervous System","volume":"27","author":"Tseng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2016.09.003","article-title":"Safety and tolerability of silk fibroin hydrogels implanted into the mouse brain","volume":"45","author":"Barios","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-409X(01)00239-3","article-title":"Hydrogels for biomedical applications","volume":"54","author":"Hoffman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.820140108","article-title":"Design of an artificial skin. I. Basic design principles","volume":"14","author":"Yannas","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(88)80529-3","article-title":"Selective cell transplantation using bioabsorbable artificial polymers as matrices","volume":"23","author":"Vacanti","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6776628","article-title":"Microencapsulated islets as bioartificial endocrine pancreas","volume":"210","author":"Lim","year":"1980","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1155\/NP.1994.245","article-title":"Intracerebral implantation of hydrogel-coupled adhesion peptides: Tissue reaction","volume":"5","author":"Woerly","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neural. Transplant. Plast."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0142-9612(90)90123-8","article-title":"Intracerebral implantation of synthetic polymer\/biopolymer matrix: A new perspective for brain repair","volume":"11","author":"Woerly","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-0618(02)00011-X","article-title":"Polymer hydrogels usable for nervous tissue repair","volume":"23","author":"Lesny","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Chem. Neuroanat."},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(06)61026-1","article-title":"In vivo tracking of stem cells in brain and spinal cord injury","volume":"161","author":"Sykova","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"024101","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-6041\/7\/2\/024101","article-title":"Injectable hydrogels for central nervous system therapy","volume":"7","author":"Pakulska","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S83","DOI":"10.3727\/096368914X684998","article-title":"The experimental therapy on brain ischemia by improvement of local angiogenesis with tissue engineering in the mouse","volume":"23","author":"Ju","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Transplant."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.46582\/jsrm.0601003","article-title":"Application of a thermo-reversible gelation polymer, mebiol gel, for stem cell culture and regenerative medicine","volume":"6","author":"Kataoka","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Stem Cells Regen. Med."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Payne, S.L., Anandakumaran, P.N., Varga, B.V., Morshead, C.M., Nagy, A., and Shoichet, M.S. (2017). In Vitro Maturation of Human iPSC-Derived Neuroepithelial Cells Influences Transplant Survival in the Stroke-Injured Rat Brain. Tissue Eng. Part A, 24.","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2016.0515"},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1002\/term.2053","article-title":"Viability and neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells encapsulated in silk fibroin hydrogel functionalized with an IKVAV peptide","volume":"11","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2007.10.046","article-title":"Compatibility of human fetal neural stem cells with hydrogel biomaterials in vitro","volume":"1187","author":"Thonhoff","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24629","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5b06804","article-title":"A Neuroprotective Sericin Hydrogel As an Effective Neuronal Cell Carrier for the Repair of Ischemic Stroke","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt751","article-title":"The injured brain interacts reciprocally with neural stem cells supported by scaffolds to reconstitute lost tissue","volume":"20","author":"Park","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2013.01.002","article-title":"A hydrogel composite system for sustained epi-cortical delivery of Cyclosporin A to the brain for treatment of stroke","volume":"166","author":"Caicco","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Control. Release."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X16649964","article-title":"Hydrogel-delivered brain-derived neurotrophic factor promotes tissue repair and recovery after stroke","volume":"37","author":"Cook","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow MeTable"},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.3727\/096368910X498278","article-title":"Injectable VEGF hydrogels produce near complete neurological and anatomical protection following cerebral ischemia in rats","volume":"19","author":"Emerich","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Transplant."},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-6041\/2\/4\/005","article-title":"An experimental test of stroke recovery by implanting a hyaluronic acid hydrogel carrying a Nogo receptor antibody in a rat model","volume":"2","author":"Ma","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.12.031","article-title":"Hydrogel delivery of erythropoietin to the brain for endogenous stem cell stimulation after stroke injury","volume":"33","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2013.08.073","article-title":"The reduction in immunogenicity of neurotrophin overexpressing stem cells after intra-striatal transplantation by encapsulation in an in situ gelling collagen hydrogel","volume":"34","author":"Hoban","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1517\/14712598.2016.1094457","article-title":"Current developments in cell- and biomaterial-based approaches for stroke repair","volume":"16","author":"Jendelova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Biol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4489","article-title":"Hydrogels with tunable stress relaxation regulate stem cell fate and activity","volume":"15","author":"Chaudhuri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1191035","article-title":"Substrate elasticity regulates skeletal muscle stem cell self-renewal in culture","volume":"329","author":"Gilbert","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat5020","article-title":"Maintenance of neural progenitor cell stemness in 3D hydrogels requires matrix remodelling","volume":"16","author":"Madl","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2009.03.033","article-title":"Development of hyaluronic acid-based scaffolds for brain tissue engineering","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_216","first-page":"1590","article-title":"Cellular encapsulation in 3D hydrogels for tissue engineering","volume":"32","author":"Khetan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2007.11.003","article-title":"Sonication-induced gelation of silk fibroin for cell encapsulation","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(02)03930-6","article-title":"Rat Schwann cells in bioresorbable nerve guides to promote and accelerate axonal regeneration","volume":"963","author":"Schlosshauer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1038\/540335a","article-title":"Make better, safer biomaterials","volume":"540","author":"Peppas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6810562","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6810562","article-title":"Biomaterial Applications in Cell-Based Therapy in Experimental Stroke","volume":"2016","author":"Boisserand","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.2741\/3277","article-title":"Neural interactions with materials","volume":"14","author":"Dalton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Front Biosci (Landmark Ed.)"},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.2741\/2721","article-title":"Biomimetic material systems for neural progenitor cell-based therapy","volume":"13","author":"Potter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2016.0069","article-title":"In Vivo Neural Tissue Engineering: Cylindrical Biocompatible Hydrogels That Create New Neural Tracts in the Adult Mammalian Brain","volume":"25","author":"Clark","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev."},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2016.03.014","article-title":"ECM hydrogel for the treatment of stroke: Characterization of the host cell infiltrate","volume":"91","author":"Ghuman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-006-0615-7","article-title":"Hyaluronic acid hydrogel immobilized with RGD peptides for brain tissue engineering","volume":"17","author":"Cui","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med."},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2206","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000138954.25825.0b","article-title":"Intracerebral transplantation of porcine choroid plexus provides structural and functional neuroprotection in a rodent model of stroke","volume":"35","author":"Borlongan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.33011","article-title":"The administration of BDNF and GDNF to the brain via PLGA microparticles patterned within a degradable PEG-based hydrogel: Protein distribution and the glial response","volume":"96","author":"Lampe","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A"},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600275","article-title":"Implantation of a new porous gelatin-siloxane hybrid into a brain lesion as a potential scaffold for tissue regeneration","volume":"26","author":"Deguchi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow MeTable"},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.20941","article-title":"Combinated transplantation of neural stem cells and collagen type I promote functional recovery after cerebral ischemia in rats","volume":"293","author":"Yu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anat. Rec. (Hoboken)"},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2012.06.085","article-title":"Neo-vascularization of the stroke cavity by implantation of human neural stem cells on VEGF-releasing PLGA microparticles","volume":"33","author":"Bible","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1002\/term.1920","article-title":"Application of cell sheet technology to bone marrow stromal cell transplantation for rat brain infarct","volume":"11","author":"Ito","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med."},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2016.07.028","article-title":"Systematic optimization of an engineered hydrogel allows for selective control of human neural stem cell survival and differentiation after transplantation in the stroke brain","volume":"105","author":"Moshayedi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968310361958","article-title":"Hydrogel matrix to support stem cell survival after brain transplantation in stroke","volume":"24","author":"Zhong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurorehabil. Neural Repair"},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16174","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)71604-9","article-title":"A synthetic peptide containing the IKVAV sequence from the A chain of laminin mediates cell attachment, migration, and neurite outgrowth","volume":"264","author":"Tashiro","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2017.09.011","article-title":"Long-term retention of ECM hydrogel after implantation into a sub-acute stroke cavity reduces lesion volume","volume":"63","author":"Ghuman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2013.04.047","article-title":"Transplantation of human mesenchymal stem cells loaded on collagen scaffolds for the treatment of traumatic brain injury in rats","volume":"34","author":"Guan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1002\/term.154","article-title":"Laminin and fibronectin scaffolds enhance neural stem cell transplantation into the injured brain","volume":"3","author":"Tate","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med."},{"key":"ref_238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2009.01.015","article-title":"Angiogenesis: A team effort coordinated by notch","volume":"16","author":"Phng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"ref_239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915160","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/915160","article-title":"Growth factors released from gelatin hydrogel microspheres increase new neurons in the adult mouse brain","volume":"2012","author":"Nakaguchi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"key":"ref_240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2006.05.005","article-title":"Delivery of neurotrophin-3 from fibrin enhances neuronal fiber sprouting after spinal cord injury","volume":"113","author":"Taylor","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2622","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2006.01537.x","article-title":"The role of hyaluronan degradation products as innate alloimmune agonists","volume":"6","author":"Tesar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1279","article-title":"Hyaluronan accumulates in demyelinated lesions and inhibits oligodendrocyte progenitor maturation","volume":"11","author":"Back","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830.e13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2011.07.006","article-title":"Astrocytes in aged nonhuman primate brain gray matter synthesize excess hyaluronan","volume":"33","author":"Cargill","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(01)02534-4","article-title":"The fate of biodegradable microspheres injected into rat brain","volume":"323","author":"Nicholas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/2052-8426-2-19","article-title":"Improvements in biomaterial matrices for neural precursor cell transplantation","volume":"2","author":"Skop","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Ther."},{"key":"ref_246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2015.08.098","article-title":"Thermosensitive chitosan-based hydrogels for sustained release of ferulic acid on corneal wound healing","volume":"135","author":"Tsai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2005.12.009","article-title":"Silk fibroin as an organic polymer for controlled drug delivery","volume":"111","author":"Hofmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2015.08.039","article-title":"In vivo bioresponses to silk proteins","volume":"71","author":"Thurber","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_249","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Garc\u00eda, L., P\u00e9rez-Rigueiro, J., Martinez-Murillo, R., Panetsos, F., Ramos, M., Guinea, G.V., and Gonz\u00e1lez-Nieto, D. (Center for Biomedical Technology, Madrid, Spain). Personal Communication."},{"key":"ref_250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.20778","article-title":"Regulation of human neural precursor cells by laminin and integrins","volume":"83","author":"Flanagan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"ref_251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scr.2013.09.013","article-title":"Hydrogel formulation determines cell fate of fetal and adult neural progenitor cells","volume":"12","author":"Aurand","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res."}],"container-title":["Polymers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/10\/2\/184\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T14:55:03Z","timestamp":1760194503000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/10\/2\/184"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,13]]},"references-count":251,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]}},"alternative-id":["polym10020184"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym10020184","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,13]]}}}