{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T13:04:22Z","timestamp":1791551062943,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,3]],"date-time":"2018-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Investment Fund, University of Wolverhampton (Wolverhampton, UK)","award":["na"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["na"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01R16P00718"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01R16P00718"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"M-ERA.NET 2","award":["UM0-2016\/22\/Z\/STS\/00692"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM0-2016\/22\/Z\/STS\/00692"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An economically viable method to extract polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from cells is desirable for this biodegradable polymer of potential biomedical applications. In this work, two non-chlorinated solvents, cyclohexanone and \u03b3-butyrolactone, were examined for extracting PHA produced by the bacterial strain Cupriavidus necator H16 cultivated on vegetable oil as a sole carbon source. The PHA produced was determined as a poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) homopolyester. The extraction kinetics of the two solvents was determined using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). When cyclohexanone was used as the extraction solvent at 120 \u00b0C in 3 min, 95% of the PHB was recovered from the cells with a similar purity to that extracted using chloroform. With a decrease in temperature, the recovery yield decreased. At the same temperatures, the recovery yield of \u03b3-butyrolactone was significantly lower. The effect of the two solvents on the quality of the extracted PHB was also examined using GPC and elemental analysis. The molar mass and dispersity of the obtained polymer were similar to that extracted using chloroform, while the nitrogen content of the PHB extracted using the two new solvents was slightly higher. In a nutshell, cyclohexanone in particular was identified as an expedient candidate to efficiently drive novel, sustainable PHA extraction processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym10070731","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,3]],"date-time":"2018-07-03T11:12:58Z","timestamp":1530616378000},"page":"731","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Biomass Extraction Using Non-Chlorinated Solvents for Biocompatibility Improvement of Polyhydroxyalkanoates"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Guozhan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biology Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV11LY, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biology Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV11LY, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Townrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biology Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV11LY, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3257-8803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iza","family":"Radecka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biology Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV11LY, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9251-1822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Koller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C\/o Institute of Chemistry, Office of Research Management and Service, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28\/III, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Chaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sk\u0142odowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5439-7400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gra\u017cyna","family":"Adamus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sk\u0142odowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Kowalczuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biology Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV11LY, UK"},{"name":"Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sk\u0142odowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2941","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2008.04.023","article-title":"On the mechanisms of biocompatibility","volume":"29","author":"Williams","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Popa, V., and Volf, I. (2018). Biomass-derived polyhydroxyalkanoates: Biomedical applications. 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