{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T21:47:10Z","timestamp":1790718430169,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,27]],"date-time":"2018-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-003489"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-003489"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006939"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006939"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NORTE\u201001\u20100145\u2010FEDER\u2010000005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE\u201001\u20100145\u2010FEDER\u2010000005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Currently, the majority of binders used in wood particleboard (PB) manufacturing are formaldehyde-based synthetic resins. Because of the toxicity of formaldehyde, there is a strong demand for eco-friendly alternatives with similar performances and economic viability. In this work, thick spent sulfite liquor (TSSL), an industrial byproduct from sulfite pulp mills, is proposed as a binder for fully bio-based PBs. The results showed that PBs bound with TSSL present appropriate mechanical performance, which was further improved when TSSL was combined with wheat flour at an 84:16 dry weight ratio and preheated to 94 \u00b0C prior to application. For 13.2% binder content per dry wood weight, the PB internal bond strength was 0.46 N mm\u22122, which is above the standard requirements for PB type P2 (0.35 N mm\u22122). Optical microscopy showed that TSSL hinders the gelatinization of starch granules during preheating, allowing the binder mixture to maintain a low viscosity suitable for combination with wood particles and PB production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym10101070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,28]],"date-time":"2018-09-28T02:54:54Z","timestamp":1538103294000},"page":"1070","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Biosourced Binder for Wood Particleboards Based on Spent Sulfite Liquor and Wheat Flour"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7855-9048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana M.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARCP\u2014Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Rede de Compet\u00eancia em Pol\u00edmeros, Rua J\u00falio de Matos, 828 4200-455 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3745-9304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarida","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Ferra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Euroresinas\u2014Industrias Qu\u00edmicas S.A., Plataforma Industrial de Sines, 7520-064 Sines, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N\u00e1dia","family":"Paiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Euroresinas\u2014Industrias Qu\u00edmicas S.A., Plataforma Industrial de Sines, 7520-064 Sines, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"DEMad\u2014Departamento de Engenharia de Madeiras, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viseu, Campus Polit\u00e9cnico de Repeses, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4447-4473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fern\u00e3o D.","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4557-7113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00edsa H.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"DEMad\u2014Departamento de Engenharia de Madeiras, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viseu, Campus Polit\u00e9cnico de Repeses, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"European Panel Federation (2017, November 22). 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