{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T09:54:12Z","timestamp":1779357252208,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,2]],"date-time":"2019-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004955","name":"\u00d6sterreichische Forschungsf\u00f6rderungsgesellschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["855282"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["855282"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004955","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004955","name":"\u00d6sterreichische Forschungsf\u00f6rderungsgesellschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["865927"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["865927"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004955","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Integration of sensors in textile garments requires the development of flexible conductive structures. In this work, cellulose-based woven lyocell fabrics were coated with copper during an electroless step, produced at 0.0284 M copper sulfate pentahydrate, 0.079 M potassium hydrogen L-tartrate, and 0.94 M formaldehyde concentrations. High concentrations led to high homogeneous copper reaction rates and the heterogeneous copper deposition process was diffusion controlled. Thus, the rate of copper deposition did not increase on the cellulose surface. Conductivity of copper coatings was investigated by the resistance with a four probe technique during fabric deformation. In cyclic tensile tests, the resistance of coated fabric (19 \u00d7 1.5 cm2) decreased from 13.2\u20133.7 \u2126 at 2.2% elongation. In flex tests, the resistance increased from 5.2\u20136.6 \u2126 after 5000 bending cycles. After repeated wetting and drying cycles, the resistance increased by 2.6 \u00d7 105. The resistance raised from 11\u201323 \u2126\/square with increasing relative humidity from 20\u201380%, which is likely due to hygroscopic expansion of fibers. This work improves the understanding of conductive copper coating on textiles and shows their applicability in flexible strain sensors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym11050784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,2]],"date-time":"2019-05-02T03:15:22Z","timestamp":1556766922000},"page":"784","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Flexible Textile Strain Sensor Based on Copper-Coated Lyocell Type Cellulose Fabric"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1481-2670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waleri","family":"Root","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Textile Chemistry\/Physics, University of Innsbruck, Hoechsterstrasse 73, 6850 Dornbirn, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Textile Chemistry\/Physics, University of Innsbruck, Hoechsterstrasse 73, 6850 Dornbirn, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2313-0225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barnaby","family":"Caven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Textile Chemistry\/Physics, University of Innsbruck, Hoechsterstrasse 73, 6850 Dornbirn, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Bechtold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Textile Chemistry\/Physics, University of Innsbruck, Hoechsterstrasse 73, 6850 Dornbirn, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9957-0553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tung","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Textile Chemistry\/Physics, University of Innsbruck, Hoechsterstrasse 73, 6850 Dornbirn, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1021\/nl903949m","article-title":"Stretchable, porous, and conductive energy textiles","volume":"10","author":"Hu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3223","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201200523","article-title":"Transparent, optical, pressure-sensitive artificial skin for large-area stretchable electronics","volume":"24","author":"Ramuz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. 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