{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T05:20:29Z","timestamp":1781760029810,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,3]],"date-time":"2019-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Forestry Public Welfare Industry Major Projects of Scientific Research","award":["201504502"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201504502"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Soybean meal-based adhesives are attractive potential environmentally friendly replacements for formaldehyde-based adhesives. However, the low strength and poor water resistance of soybean meal-based adhesives limit their practical application. This study was conducted to develop a natural fiber-reinforced soybean meal-based adhesive with enhanced water resistance and bonding strength. Pulp fiber (PF), poplar wood fiber (WF), and bagasse fiber (BF) were added as fillers into the soybean meal-based adhesive to enhance its performance via hydrogen bonding between the PF and the soybean meal system. The enhanced adhesive exhibited a strong crosslinking structure characterized by multi-interfacial interactions wherein PF served as a bridging ligament and released residual stress into the crosslinking network. The crosslinked structure and improved interfacial interactions were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements. Plywood bonded with 4 wt % PF-containing soybean meal-based adhesive exhibited a wet shear strength (1.14 MPa) exceeding that of plywood bonded with the control group by 75.4% due to the stable crosslinking network having efficiently transformed stress and prevented the permeation of water molecules.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym11060967","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,3]],"date-time":"2019-06-03T11:31:01Z","timestamp":1559561461000},"page":"967","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Reinforcement of Bonding Strength and Water Resistance of Soybean Meal-Based Adhesive via Construction of an Interactive Network from Biomass Residues"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Zhiwei","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiwen","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9612-3720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anmin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianzhang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shifeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"910","article-title":"Soy-based adhesives for wood-bonding\u2014A review","volume":"31","author":"Kutnar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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