{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T02:57:32Z","timestamp":1771642652484,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":128,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]],"date-time":"2019-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education, Taiwan","award":["108L9006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["108L9006"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 108-3017-F-002-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 108-3017-F-002-002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 108-2622-8-006-014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 108-2622-8-006-014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As an efficient technique for the preparation of polymeric hexagonal orderly arrays, the breath figure (BF) process has opened a modern avenue for a bottom-up fabrication method for more than two decades. Through the use of the water vapor condensation on the solution surface, the water droplets will hexagonally pack into ordered arrays, acting as a template for controlling the regular micro patterns of polymeric films. Comparing to the top-down techniques, such as lithography or chemical etching, the use of water vapor as the template provides a simple fabrication process with sustainability. However, using highly hazardous solvents such as chloroform, carbon disulfide (CS2), benzene, dichloromethane, etc., to dissolve polymers might hinder the development toward green processes based on this technique. In this review, we will touch upon the contemporary techniques of the BF process, including its up-to-date applications first. More importantly, the search of greener processes along with less hazardous solvents for the possibility of a more sustainable BF process is the focal point of this review.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym11091473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]],"date-time":"2019-09-09T11:26:17Z","timestamp":1568028377000},"page":"1473","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["In Search of a Green Process: Polymeric Films with Ordered Arrays via a Water Droplet Technique"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Shih-Chieh","family":"Yeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan"},{"name":"Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7564-1457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chien-Hsin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan"},{"name":"Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying-Chih","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan"},{"name":"Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jen-Yu","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0913-4975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ru-Jong","family":"Jeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan"},{"name":"Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1038\/086516a0","article-title":"Breath Figures","volume":"86","author":"Aitken","year":"1911","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1038\/086416d0","article-title":"Breath Figures","volume":"86","author":"Rayleigh","year":"1911","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1038\/369387a0","article-title":"Self-Organized Honeycomb Morphology of Star-Polymer Polystyrene Films","volume":"369","author":"Widawski","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes5030399","article-title":"Breath Figure Method for Construction of Honeycomb Films","volume":"5","author":"Dou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Membranes"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bormashenko, E. 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