{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T15:20:15Z","timestamp":1792509615229,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents a water footprint assessment of polymers, polymer blends, composites, and biocomposites based on a standardized EUR-pallet case study. The water footprint analysis is based on life cycle assessment (LCA). The study investigates six variants of EUR-pallet production depending on the materials used. The system boundary included the production of each material and the injection molding to obtain a standardized EUR-pallet of complex properties. This paper shows the results of a water footprint of six composition variants of analyzed EUR-pallet, produced from biocomposites and composites based on polypropylene, poly(lactic acid), cotton fibers, jute fibers, kenaf fibers, and glass fibers. Additionally, a water footprint of applied raw materials was evaluated. The highest water footprint was observed for cotton fibers as a reinforcement of the analyzed biocomposites and composites. The water footprint of cotton fibers is caused by the irrigation of cotton crops. The results demonstrate that the standard EUR-pallet produced from polypropylene with glass fibers as reinforcement can contribute to the lowest water footprint.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym11111791","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T12:30:50Z","timestamp":1572611450000},"page":"1791","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Water Footprint Assessment of Selected Polymers, Polymer Blends, Composites, and Biocomposites for Industrial Application"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jerzy","family":"Korol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Material Engineering, Central Mining Institute, Pl. Gwark\u00f3w 1, 40-166 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9125-6164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksander","family":"Hejna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Material Engineering, Central Mining Institute, Pl. Gwark\u00f3w 1, 40-166 Katowice, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Polymer Technology, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11\/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorota","family":"Burchart-Korol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Transport and Aviation Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Krasi\u0144skiego 8, 40-019 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B\u0142a\u017cej","family":"Chmielnicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paint &amp; Plastics Department in Gliwice, Institute for Engineering of Polymer Materials and Dyes, 50 A Chorzowska Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaudiusz","family":"Wypi\u00f3r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Material Engineering, Central Mining Institute, Pl. 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