{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T02:13:37Z","timestamp":1790475217058,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,16]],"date-time":"2019-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The last decades have witnessed a major advancement and development in three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. In the future, the trend\u2019s utilization of 3D printing is expected to play an important role in the biomedical field. This work presents co-extrusion of the polylactic acid (PLA), its derivatives (sPLA), and chitosan with the aim of achieving filaments for printing 3D objects, such as biomedical tools or implants. The physicochemical and antimicrobial properties were evaluated using SEM, FT-IR, DSC, instrumental mechanical test, and based on the ASTM E2149 standard, respectively. The addition of chitosan in the PLA and sPLA filaments increased their porosity and decreased density. The FT-IR analysis showed that PLA and chitosan only formed a physical mixture after extrusion. The addition of chitosan caused deterioration of the mechanical properties of filaments, especially elongation at break and Young\u2019s modulus. The addition of chitosan to the filaments improved their ability to crystallize and provide their antimicrobial properties against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym11111893","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,18]],"date-time":"2019-11-18T04:31:10Z","timestamp":1574051470000},"page":"1893","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["The Production Possibility of the Antimicrobial Filaments by Co-Extrusion of the PLA Pellet with Chitosan Powder for FDM 3D Printing Technology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2748-0393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Szymon","family":"Mania","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Faculty, Department of Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology of Food, Gdansk University of Technology, 11\/12 G. Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0247-3851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacek","family":"Ryl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Faculty, Department of Electrochemistry, Corrosion and Material Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 11\/12 G. Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-Rong","family":"Jinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, 2650 N. Young Ave., Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya-Jane","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, 2650 N. Young Ave., Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Micha\u0142owska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AGC Biologics, Vandt\u00e5rnsvej 83B, 2860 S\u00f8borg, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Tylingo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Faculty, Department of Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology of Food, Gdansk University of Technology, 11\/12 G. Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Appuhamillage, G.A. (2018). New 3D Printable Polymeric Materials for Fused Filament Fabrication. 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