{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T03:57:27Z","timestamp":1791863847126,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,28]],"date-time":"2019-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["242269"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["242269"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["255837"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["255837"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Lab in Additive Manufacturing, 3D Digitizing and Computed Tomography (MADiT)","award":["LN299129"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LN299129"]}]},{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda de M\u00e9xico","award":["296176"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["296176"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper focuses on developing, fabricating, and characterizing composite polycaprolactone (PCL) membranes reinforced with titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NPs) elaborated by using two solvents; acetic acid and a mixture of chloroform and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). The resulting physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of the composite materials are studied by using experimental characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, contact angle (CA), uniaxial and biaxial tensile tests, and surface roughness measurements. Experimental results show that the composite material synthesized by sol-gel and chloroform-DMF has a better performance than the one obtained by using acetic acid as a solvent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym11121955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,28]],"date-time":"2019-11-28T10:54:10Z","timestamp":1574938450000},"page":"1955","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Development, Fabrication, and Characterization of Composite Polycaprolactone Membranes Reinforced with TiO2 Nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Karina","family":"del \u00c1ngel-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Mec\u00e1nica y Materiales Avanzados, Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Science. Av. E. Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey, NL 64849, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9sar I.","family":"Borbolla-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Mec\u00e1nica y Materiales Avanzados, Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Science. Av. E. Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey, NL 64849, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5297-2950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis M.","family":"Palacios-Pineda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Mec\u00e1nica y Materiales Avanzados, Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Science. Av. E. Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey, NL 64849, Mexico"},{"name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico Nacional de M\u00e9xico\/Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Pachuca, Pachuca, Hidalgo 42082, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2035-950X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicol\u00e1s A.","family":"Ulloa-Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Mec\u00e1nica y Materiales Avanzados, Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Science. Av. E. Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey, NL 64849, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"El\u00edas-Z\u00fa\u00f1iga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Mec\u00e1nica y Materiales Avanzados, Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Science. Av. E. Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey, NL 64849, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guarino, V., Gentile, G., Sorrentino, L., and Ambrosio, L. (2017). Polycaprolactone: Synthesis, properties, and applications. Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.. [4th ed.].","DOI":"10.1002\/0471440264.pst658"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2010.04.002","article-title":"The return of a forgotten polymer\u2014Polycaprolactone in the 21st century","volume":"35","author":"Woodruff","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog. Polym. 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