{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T22:26:46Z","timestamp":1784068006885,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,5]],"date-time":"2020-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, the effect of the veneer-drying process at elevated temperatures on selected properties and formaldehyde emission of plywood panels was determined. We assume that during the veneer drying at high temperatures, more formaldehyde is released from it, and therefore, a lower formaldehyde emission can be expected from the finished plywood. Prior to bonding, birch veneers were dried at 160 \u00b0C (control) and 185 \u00b0C in an industrial veneer steam dryer (SD) and at 180 \u00b0C, 240 \u00b0C and 280 \u00b0C in an industrial veneer gas dryer (GD). Two types of adhesives were used: urea\u2013formaldehyde (UF) and phenol\u2013formaldehyde (PF) resins. Bonding quality, bending strength and modulus of elasticity in bending, water absorption and thickness swelling of plywood samples were determined. The formaldehyde emission level of samples was also measured. It was concluded from the study that the effects of veneer-drying temperatures on the bonding strength and physical and mechanical properties of plywood panels were significant. Veneer-drying temperatures of 185 \u00b0C\/SD, 180 \u00b0C\/GD and 240 \u00b0C\/GD negatively affected the bending strength and the modulus of elasticity along and across the fibres for both UF and PF plywood samples. Bonding strength mean values obtained from all test panels were above the required value (1.0 MPa) indicated in EN 314-2 standard. The lowest formaldehyde emissions for the UF and PF plywood samples were observed in the samples from veneer dried in a steam dryer at 185 \u00b0C\/SD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12030593","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,6]],"date-time":"2020-03-06T09:26:41Z","timestamp":1583486801000},"page":"593","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Effect of Veneer-Drying Temperature on Selected Properties and Formaldehyde Emission of Birch Plywood"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4320-5247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pavlo","family":"Bekhta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wood-Based Composites, Cellulose, and Paper, Ukrainian National Forestry University, 79057 Lviv, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e1n","family":"Sedlia\u010dik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Furniture and Wood Products, Technical University in Zvolen, 96001 Zvolen, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nataliya","family":"Bekhta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wood-Based Composites, Cellulose, and Paper, Ukrainian National Forestry University, 79057 Lviv, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1021\/es980592+","article-title":"Specific emission rates of formaldehyde from materials and consumer products found in California homes","volume":"33","author":"Kelly","year":"1999","journal-title":"Environ. 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