{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T21:32:06Z","timestamp":1793395926939,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,11]],"date-time":"2020-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010198","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MAT2015-70728-P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MAT2015-70728-P"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010198","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents the experimental procedure to develop air lime-based injection grouts, including polymeric superplasticizers, a water repellent agent and pozzolanic agents as additives. Our research focuses on the development of grouts to improve various characteristics simultaneously by combining different additions and admixtures. Aiming to improve the injectability of the grouts, in this study, different polymeric superplasticizers were added, namely polycarboxylated-ether derivative (PCE), polynaphthalene sulfonate (PNS) and condensate of melamine-formaldehyde sulfonate (SMFC). As a water-repellent agent, sodium oleate was used to reduce the water absorption. The enhancement of the strength and setting time was intended by using microsilica and metakaolin as pozzolanic mineral additions. Compatibility between the different admixtures and action mechanism of the different polymers were studied by means of zeta potential and adsorption isotherms measurements. Diverse grout mixtures were produced and investigated by assessing their injectability, fluidity, stability, compressive strength, hydrophobicity and durability. This research led to several suitable mixtures produced by using more than one component, to enhance efficiency and to provide better performance of grouts. According to the results, the grout composed of air lime, metakaolin, sodium oleate and PCE was found to be the most effective composition, improving the mechanical strength, injectability and hydrophobicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12040887","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,14]],"date-time":"2020-04-14T03:10:01Z","timestamp":1586833801000},"page":"887","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Combination of Polymeric Superplasticizers, Water Repellents and Pozzolanic Agents to Improve Air Lime-Based Grouts for Historic Masonry Repair"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0924-1869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas Fidel","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MATCH Research Group, Chemistry Department, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9314-4905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Burcu","family":"Ta\u015fc\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Architecture, Izmir Katip \u00c7elebi University, 35620 Izmir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3684-8778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MATCH Research Group, Chemistry Department, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1863-0580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00cd\u00f1igo","family":"Navarro-Blasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MATCH Research Group, Chemistry Department, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9170-7404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Ignacio","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MATCH Research Group, Chemistry Department, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"04019059","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002692","article-title":"Performance evaluation of lime-based grout used for consolidation of brick masonry walls","volume":"31","author":"Oktay","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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