{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T04:45:48Z","timestamp":1777178748178,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]],"date-time":"2020-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The development of microfluidics-based systems in the recent years has provided a rapid and controlled method for the generation of monodisperse microencapsulates for multiple applications. Here, we explore the design, manufacture and characterization of a low-cost microsystem for the encapsulation of the fungal laccase from Pycnoporus sanguineus CS43 in alginate microcapsules. Multiphysics simulations were used to overview the fluid behavior within the device and estimate the resulting capsule size. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) sheets were used for final microsystem manufacture. Different flow rates of the continuous (Qc) and discrete (Qd) phases in the ranges of 83\u2013293 mL\/h and 1\u20135 mL\/h, respectively, were evaluated for microcapsule fabrication. Universal Serial Bus (USB) microscope and image analysis was used to measure the final particle size. Laccase encapsulation was evaluated using spectrophotometry and with the aid of fluorescent dyes and confocal microscopy. Results showed microcapsule size was in the range of 203.13\u2013716.00 \u03bcm and Qc was found as the dominant parameter to control capsule size. There was an effective enzyme encapsulation of 65.94% with respect to the initial laccase solution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12051158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]],"date-time":"2020-05-20T10:37:38Z","timestamp":1589971058000},"page":"1158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Fabrication and Characterization of a Low-Cost Microfluidic System for the Manufacture of Alginate\u2013Lacasse Microcapsules"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8374-4942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Lucia","family":"Campa\u00f1a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1E No. 19a-40, Bogot\u00e1 D.C. 111711, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana Camila","family":"Sotelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1E No. 19a-40, Bogot\u00e1 D.C. 111711, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hector Alfonso","family":"Oliva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1E No. 19a-40, Bogot\u00e1 D.C. 111711, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andres","family":"Aranguren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1E No. 19a-40, Bogot\u00e1 D.C. 111711, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Ornelas-Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Nanotecnolog\u00eda Ambiental, Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda y Ciencias, Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7790-7546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan C.","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Cra. 1E No. 19a-40, Bogot\u00e1 D.C. 111711, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2928-3406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johann F.","family":"Osma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1E No. 19a-40, Bogot\u00e1 D.C. 111711, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/02652048.2014.950711","article-title":"Microencapsulation by interfacial polymerisation: Membrane formation and structure","volume":"32","author":"Perignon","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Microencapsul."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fu, F., and Hu, L. (2017). Temperature sensitive colour-changed composites. Advanced High Strength Natural Fibre Composites in Construction, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100411-1.00015-7"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2018.07.205","article-title":"A review of microencapsulation methods for food antioxidants: Principles, advantages, drawbacks and applications","volume":"272","author":"Ozkan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuni Hendrawati, T., Meta Sari, A., Iqbal Syauqi Rahman, M., Ariatmi Nugrahani, R., and Siswahyu, A. (2019). Microencapsulation Techniques of Herbal Compounds for Raw Materials in Food Industry, Cosmetics and Pharmaceuticals. Microencapsulation-Processes, Technologies and Industrial Applications, IntechOpen.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.82415"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1080\/09670874.2017.1419308","article-title":"Effect of soil application of microencapsulated caraway oil on weed infestation and maize yield","volume":"64","author":"Synowiec","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Pest Manag."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2018.05.018","article-title":"Advances in micro and nano-encapsulation of bioactive compounds using biopolymer and lipid-based transporters","volume":"78","author":"Shishir","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"67","article-title":"Alginate Microcapsules for Drug Delivery. Adv","volume":"11","author":"Orive","year":"2017","journal-title":"Calcium Phosphate Biomater."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2019.117275","article-title":"Chitosan microcapsule membranes with nanoscale thickness for controlled release of drugs","volume":"590","author":"Mu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Membr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1918","DOI":"10.1080\/07373937.2012.708692","article-title":"Air-Suspension Fluidized-Bed Microencapsulation of Probiotics","volume":"30","author":"Semyonov","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dry. Technol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2018.06.009","article-title":"Preparation and application of pyraclostrobin microcapsule formulations. Colloids Surfaces A: Physicochem","volume":"553","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eng. Asp."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2016.11.004","article-title":"Facile and cost-effective synthesis of isocyanate microcapsules via polyvinyl alcohol-mediated interfacial polymerization and their application in self-healing materials","volume":"138","author":"He","year":"2017","journal-title":"Compos. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1002\/pat.4482","article-title":"Preparation of biodegradable microcapsules through an organic solvent-free interfacial polymerization method","volume":"30","author":"Xiao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Polym. Adv. Technol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.3109\/02652049509006793","article-title":"Production of water-containing polymer microcapsules by the complex emulsion\/solvent evaporation technique. Effect of process variables on the microcapsule size distribution","volume":"12","author":"Kentepozidou","year":"1995","journal-title":"Microencapsul."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sala\u00fcn, F. (2016). Microencapsulation technology for smart textile coatings. Active Coatings for Smart Textiles, Elsevier Inc.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100263-6.00009-5"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtcomm.2019.100854","article-title":"Epoxy resin\/ethyl cellulose microcapsules prepared by solvent evaporation for repairing microcracks: Particle properties and slow-release performance","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Today Commun."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.144","article-title":"Complex coacervation: Principles, mechanisms and applications in microencapsulation","volume":"121","author":"Timilsena","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Boil. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giri, T.K. (2016). Alginate Containing Nanoarchitectonics for Improved Cancer Therapy. Nanoarchitectonics for Smart Delivery and Drug Targeting, Elsevier Inc.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-47347-7.00020-3"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2017.08.026","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of citrus essential oils loaded in chitosan microcapsules by using different emulsifiers","volume":"217","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Food Eng."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2016.02.104","article-title":"Development of alginate microspheres containing thyme essential oil using ionic gelation","volume":"204","author":"Benavides","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.110","article-title":"Use of gelatin and gum arabic for microencapsulation of probiotic cells from Lactobacillus plantarum by a dual process combining double emulsification followed by complex coacervation","volume":"133","author":"Paula","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2019.115559","article-title":"Cellulose nanofiber-multilayered fruit peel-mimetic gelatin hydrogel microcapsules for micropackaging of bioactive ingredients","volume":"229","author":"Seo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2018.08.063","article-title":"Characterization and storage stability of chlorophylls microencapsulated in different combination of gum Arabic and maltodextrin","volume":"272","author":"Kang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtcomm.2020.100912","article-title":"Development and characterization of single polymer composites prepared by compression molding of polyamide 6 empty microcapsules and novel woven textile structures","volume":"23","author":"Tohidi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Today Commun."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pak, A.R., Park, J.H., and Lee, S.G. (2019). Blowing Properties and Functionality of Thermoplastic Polyester Film Using Thermally Expandable Microcapsules. Polymers, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym11101652"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2011.06.003","article-title":"Alginate: Properties and biomedical applications","volume":"37","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2014.965773","article-title":"Alginate gel particles\u2013A review of production techniques and physical properties","volume":"57","author":"Ching","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1080\/02652040500286086","article-title":"Review and current status of emulsion\/dispersion technology using an internal gelation process for the design of alginate particles","volume":"23","author":"Reis","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Microencapsul."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.3109\/02652048.2012.676092","article-title":"Characterisation and applications of microcapsules obtained by interfacial polycondensation","volume":"29","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Microencapsul."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17983","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-54512-4","article-title":"Production of monodisperse polyurea microcapsules using microfluidics","volume":"9","author":"Thorne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-020-02453-9","article-title":"Design of an Adhesive Film-Based Microfluidic Device for Alginate Hydrogel-Based Cell Encapsulation","volume":"48","author":"Enck","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2019.02.179","article-title":"Synthesis of microcapsules for carbon capture via needle-bassed drplet micofluidics Synthesis of microcapsules for carbon capture via needle-based droplet microfluidics","volume":"160","author":"Yew","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy Procedia"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Serra, C.A., Khan, I.U., Cortese, B., de Croon, M.H.J.M., Hessel, V., Ono, T., Anton, N., and Vandamme, T. (2013). Microfluidic Production of Micro- and Nanoparticles. Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.","DOI":"10.1002\/0471440264.pst604"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7964","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.6b00848","article-title":"Emerging Droplet Microfluidics","volume":"117","author":"Shang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1038\/nchem.1753","article-title":"The past, present and potential for microfluidic reactor technology in chemical synthesis","volume":"5","author":"Elvira","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Chem."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114008","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3727\/46\/11\/114008","article-title":"Large-scale droplet production in microfluidic devices - An industrial perspective","volume":"46","author":"Holtze","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1007\/s11814-016-0041-6","article-title":"Recent developments in scale-up of microfluidic emulsion generation via parallelization","volume":"33","author":"Jeong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Korean J. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2017.01.001","article-title":"Enabling Microfluidics: From Clean Rooms to Makerspaces","volume":"35","author":"Walsh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1080\/07328300600732956","article-title":"Copper ions binding in Cu-alginate gelation","volume":"25","author":"Lagoa","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Carbohydr. Chem."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaczmarek-Pawelska, A. (2020). Alginate-Based Hydrogels in Regenerative Medicine. Alginates-Recent Uses of This Natural Polymer, IntechOpen.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.88258"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2019.03.043","article-title":"Development of bacterial cellulose\/alginate\/chitosan composites incorporating copper (II) sulfate as an antibacterial wound dressing","volume":"51","author":"Wichai","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2018.05.078","article-title":"Influence of different divalent ions cross-linking sodium alginate-polyacrylamide hydrogels on antibacterial properties and wound healing","volume":"197","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcatb.2014.06.006","article-title":"Purification and characterization of two thermostable laccases from Pycnoporus sanguineus and potential role in degradation of endocrine disrupting chemicals","volume":"108","author":"Junghanns","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mol. Catal. B: Enzym."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Iliev, S.P. (2015). Modelling the One-Dimensional Advection- Diffusion Equation in MATLAB Computational Fluid Dynamics Coursework I, South Kensington Campus. Available online: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13140\/RG.2.2.31592.26882."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0953-7562(09)81260-4","article-title":"Detection of white-rot fungi by a non-toxic stain","volume":"94","author":"Raaska","year":"1990","journal-title":"Mycol. Res."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"114002","article-title":"Dripping and jetting in microfluidic multiphase flows applied to particle and fibre synthesis","volume":"46","author":"Nunes","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mol. Catal. B Enzym."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900092","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.201900092","article-title":"Reactive Gelation Synthesis of Monodisperse Polymeric Capsules Using Droplet-Based Microfluidics","volume":"4","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Technol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2016.04.034","article-title":"Facile fabrication of uniform-sized, magnetic, and electroconductive hybrid microspheres using a microfluidic droplet generator","volume":"80","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moreno Raja, M., Lim, P.Q., Wong, Y.S., Xiong, G.M., Zhang, Y., Venkatraman, S., and Huang, Y. (2019). Polymeric Nanomaterials. Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-814033-8.00018-7"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6153","DOI":"10.1021\/ma049274n","article-title":"Strain dependence of the viscoelastic properties of alginate hydrogels","volume":"37","author":"Webber","year":"2004","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(98)00107-0","article-title":"Alginate hydrogels as synthetic extracellular matrix materials","volume":"20","author":"Rowley","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2010.09.001","article-title":"Effect of hydrophobic\/hydrophilic characteristics of magnetic microspheres on the immobilization of BSA","volume":"82","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Colloids Surf., B"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2014.04.006","article-title":"A selectively rhodamine-based colorimetric probe for detecting copper(II) ion","volume":"132","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta Part A: Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cdc.2020.100359","article-title":"Highly sensitive and selective colorimetric probe for detection of Cu2+ in aqueous medium based on rhodamine B","volume":"26","author":"Bhat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Data Collect."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2018.01.073","article-title":"A novel rhodamine B-based \u201coff-on\u2019\u2019 fluorescent sensor for selective recognition of copper (II) ions","volume":"184","author":"Jiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang, T.M.S. (1977). Encapsulation of Enzymes, Cell Contents, Cells, Vaccines, Antigens, Antiserum, Cofactors, Hormones, and Proteins. Biomed. Appl. Immobil. Enzym. Proteins, 69\u201390.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-2610-6_7"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2008.06.009","article-title":"Bioinspired enzyme encapsulation for biocatalysis","volume":"26","author":"Betancor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1021\/la991161n","article-title":"Enzyme encapsulation in layer-by-layer engineered polymer multilayer capsules","volume":"16","author":"Caruso","year":"2000","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2017.02.056","article-title":"Microfluidic fabrication of responsive hierarchical microscale particles from macroscale materials and nanoscale particles","volume":"247","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sensors Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4821","DOI":"10.1039\/c0sm01393e","article-title":"Monodisperse core-shell chitosan microcapsules for pH-responsive burst release of hydrophobic drugs","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"6928","article-title":"Environmental friendly flow focusing microfluidic device and pump system for microencapsulation of 3D cells","volume":"12","author":"Soon","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Eng. Appl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.66.3.920-924.2000","article-title":"Copper induction of laccase isoenzymes in the ligninolytic fungus Pleurotus ostreatus","volume":"66","author":"Palmieri","year":"2000","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjm.2018.06.002","article-title":"Influence of iron and copper on the activity of laccases in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici","volume":"49","year":"2018","journal-title":"Braz. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2009.07.007","article-title":"Polymeric microcapsules with light responsive properties for encapsulation and release","volume":"158","author":"Skirtach","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2503","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.13443","article-title":"Release Kinetics of Nisin from Chitosan-Alginate Complex Films","volume":"81","author":"Chandrasekar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600830213","article-title":"Controlled release of albumin from chitosan\u2014Alginate microcapsules","volume":"83","author":"Polk","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4636(199802)39:2<317::AID-JBM20>3.0.CO;2-8","article-title":"Evaluation of a novel alginate gel dressing: Cytotoxicity to fibroblasts in vitro and foreign-body reaction in pig skin in vivo","volume":"39","author":"Suzuki","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res."}],"container-title":["Polymers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/12\/5\/1158\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:30:07Z","timestamp":1760175007000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/12\/5\/1158"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"alternative-id":["polym12051158"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym12051158","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]]}}}