{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T06:07:48Z","timestamp":1790662068045,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,25]],"date-time":"2020-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590364800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["031B0668B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["031B0668B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Phytic acid (PA), as a natural source of phosphorus, was immobilized on cotton (CO) in a layer-by-layer (LbL) approach with polyvinylamine (PVAm) as the oppositely charged electrolyte to create a partly bio-based flame-retardant finish. PVAm was employed as a synthetic nitrogen source with the highest density of amine groups of all polymers. Vertical flame tests revealed a flame-retardant behavior with no afterflame and afterglow time for a coating of 15 bilayers (BL) containing 2% phosphorus and 1.4% nitrogen. The coating achieved a molar P:N ratio of 3:5. Microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC) analyses affirmed the flame test findings by a decrease in peak heat release rate (pkHRR) by more than 60% relative to unfinished CO. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) and MCC measurements exhibited a shifted CO peak to lower temperatures indicating proceeding reactions to form an isolating char on the surface. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) coupled online with a TGA system, allowed the identification of a decreased amount of acrolein, methanol, carbon monoxide and formaldehyde during sample pyrolysis and a higher amount of released water. Thereby the toxicity of released volatiles was reduced. Our results prove that PA enables a different reaction by catalyzing cellulosic dehydration, which results in the formation of a protective char on the surface of the burned fabric.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12051202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,25]],"date-time":"2020-05-25T11:42:02Z","timestamp":1590406922000},"page":"1202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["A Flame-Retardant Phytic-Acid-Based LbL-Coating for Cotton Using Polyvinylamine"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Olga","family":"Zilke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West gGmbH, Adlerstrasse 1, D-47798 Krefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Plohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West gGmbH, Adlerstrasse 1, D-47798 Krefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Opwis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West gGmbH, Adlerstrasse 1, D-47798 Krefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2822-6461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Mayer-Gall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West gGmbH, Adlerstrasse 1, D-47798 Krefeld, Germany"},{"name":"Physical Chemistry &amp; CENIDE, University Duisburg-Essen, Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 5, D-45117 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1394-9202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jochen Stefan","family":"Gutmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West gGmbH, Adlerstrasse 1, D-47798 Krefeld, Germany"},{"name":"Physical Chemistry &amp; CENIDE, University Duisburg-Essen, Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 5, D-45117 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1533\/9781845694701.1.9","article-title":"Flame retardancy of textiles: New approaches","volume":"2002","author":"Bourbigot","year":"2008","journal-title":"Adv. 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