{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T04:34:47Z","timestamp":1791693287390,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]],"date-time":"2020-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As a part of our ongoing investigations on passively fire protecting polymeric materials, we have been employing both reactive and additive routes involving phosphorus-containing compounds. These included inorganic and organic substances, and in the latter case, the phosphorus-bearing groups differed in terms of the chemical environments (phosphite, phosphate, phosphine, phosphine oxide and phosphonate ester) and oxidation state of the P atom (i.e., III, or V). The overall flammability profiles of wood substrates coated with the phosphorus-containing compounds were obtained through cone calorimetric measurements. The elemental composition, morphology and chemical natures of the char residues, obtained from the cone tests, were analysed through a variety of spectroscopic, chromatographic and spectrometric means. From the complementary information, obtained through these analyses, some probable mechanistic pathways that underpin the condensed- and gaseous-phase activities of the different additives are suggested. It was found that the inorganic solid additive, i.e., (NH4)2HPO4, underwent a two-step degradation, yielding ammonia gas and phosphoric acid. Furthermore, the liquid additives, owing to their volatility as compared to the solid ones, showed a relatively higher presence in the vapour phase than volatile fragments emanating from the latter ones (i.e., from phosphine and the phosphine oxides).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12081801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]],"date-time":"2020-08-11T10:56:12Z","timestamp":1597143372000},"page":"1801","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Mechanistic Aspects of Condensed- and Gaseous-Phase Activities of Some Phosphorus-Containing Fire Retardants"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6644-5895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ananya","family":"Thomas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malavika","family":"Arun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1831-6754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khalid","family":"Moinuddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5503-9979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2016.09.107","article-title":"The wood from the trees: The use of timber in construction","volume":"68","author":"Ramage","year":"2017","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/S1462-9011(99)00038-6","article-title":"Wood-based building materials and atmospheric carbon emissions","volume":"2","author":"Buchanan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Policy"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1139\/A08-007","article-title":"Carbon credits and the conservation of natural areas","volume":"17","author":"Freedman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. 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