{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T05:26:36Z","timestamp":1784179596071,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]],"date-time":"2020-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior- Brasil (CAPES)-","award":["Finance Code 001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Finance Code 001"]}]},{"name":"Underwriters Laboratories (UL)","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A nacre-mimetic brick-and-mortar structure was used to develop a new flame-retardant technology. A second biomimetic approach was utilized to develop a non-flammable elastomeric benzoxazine for use as a polymer matrix that effectively adheres to the hydrophilic laponite nanofiller. A combination of laponite and benzoxazine is used to apply an ultra-high nanofiller content, thin nanocomposite coating on a polyurethane foam. The technology used is made environmentally friendly by eliminating the need to add any undesirable flame retardants, such as phosphorus additives or halogenated compounds. The very-thin coating on the polyurethane foam (PUF) is obtained through a single dip-coating. The structure of the polymer has been confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The flammability of the polymer and nanocomposite was evaluated by heat release capacity using microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC). A material with heat release capacity (HRC) lower than 100 J\/Kg is considered non-ignitable. The nanocomposite developed exhibits HRC of 22 J\/Kg, which is well within the classification of a non-ignitable material. The cone calorimeter test was also used to investigate the flame retardancy of the nanocomposite\u2019s thin film on polyurethane foam. This test confirms that the second peak of the heat release rate (HRR) decreased 62% or completely disappeared for the coated PUF with different loadings. Compression tests show an increase in the modulus of the PUF by 88% for the 4 wt% coating concentration. Upon repeated modulus tests, the rigidity decreases, approaching the modulus of the uncoated PUF. However, the effect of this repeated mechanical loading does not significantly affect the flame retarding performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12102351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,17]],"date-time":"2020-10-17T07:23:22Z","timestamp":1602919402000},"page":"2351","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Nacre-Mimetic Green Flame Retardant: Ultra-High Nanofiller Content, Thin Nanocomposite as an Effective Flame Retardant"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4420-9394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irlaine","family":"Machado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-7202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hathaway Brown School, Shaker Heights, OH 44122, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1365-8990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronica","family":"Calado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Hor\u00e1cio Macedo 2030, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Chapin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL), 2500 Dundee Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062S, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hatsuo","family":"Ishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-7202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/0141-3910(91)90014-I","article-title":"Overview of Fire Retardant Mechanism","volume":"33","author":"Camino","year":"1991","journal-title":"Polym. Degrad. Stab."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2283","DOI":"10.1039\/b702511d","article-title":"Fire Retardant Polymers: Recent Developments and Opportunities","volume":"17","author":"Bourbigot","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Mater. 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