{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T12:29:10Z","timestamp":1790857750660,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]],"date-time":"2020-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Junta de Andaluc\u00eda FEDER\/ ITI  2014-2020","award":["PI 013\/017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI 013\/017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study introduces a new synthesis route for obtaining homogeneous chitosan (CS)-silica hybrid aerogels with CS contents up to 10 wt%, using 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) as coupling agent, for tissue engineering applications. Aerogels were obtained using the sol-gel process followed by CO2 supercritical drying, resulting in samples with bulk densities ranging from 0.17 g\/cm3 to 0.38 g\/cm3. The textural analysis by N2-physisorption revealed an interconnected mesopore network with decreasing specific surface areas (1230\u2013700 m2\/g) and pore sizes (11.1\u20138.7 nm) by increasing GPTMS content (2\u20134 molar ratio GPTMS:CS monomer). In addition, samples exhibited extremely fast swelling by spontaneous capillary imbibition in PBS solution, presenting swelling capacities from 1.75 to 3.75. The formation of a covalent crosslinked hybrid structure was suggested by FTIR and confirmed by an increase of four hundred fold or more in the compressive strength up to 96 MPa. Instead, samples synthesized without GPTMS fractured at only 0.10\u20130.26 MPa, revealing a week structure consisted in interpenetrated polymer networks. The aerogels presented bioactivity in simulated body fluid (SBF), as confirmed by the in vitro formation of hydroxyapatite (HAp) layer with crystal size of approximately 2 \u00b5m size in diameter. In vitro studies revealed also non cytotoxic effect on HOB\u00ae osteoblasts and also a mechanosensitive response. Additionally, control cells grown on glass developed scarce or no stress fibers, while cells grown on hybrid samples showed a significant (p &lt; 0.05) increase in well-developed stress fibers and mature focal adhesion complexes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12112723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]],"date-time":"2020-11-17T11:02:12Z","timestamp":1605610932000},"page":"2723","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Chitosan-GPTMS-Silica Hybrid Mesoporous Aerogels for Bone Tissue Engineering"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7528-8331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda V.","family":"Reyes-Peces","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Condensed Matter Physics 1, Faculty of Science, University of Cadiz, 11510 C\u00e1diz, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de C\u00e1diz (INIBICA), 11009 C\u00e1diz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1902-9455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"P\u00e9rez-Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Condensed Matter Physics 1, Faculty of Science, University of Cadiz, 11510 C\u00e1diz, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de C\u00e1diz (INIBICA), 11009 C\u00e1diz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8018-0173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deseada Mar\u00eda","family":"de-los-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science University of Cadiz, 11510 C\u00e1diz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7019-3563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda del Mar","family":"Mesa-D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science University of Cadiz, 11510 C\u00e1diz, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Microscop\u00eda Electr\u00f3nica y Materiales (IMEYMAT), University of Cadiz, 11510 C\u00e1diz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0864-4308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gonzalo","family":"Pinaglia-Tobaruela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de C\u00e1diz (INIBICA), 11009 C\u00e1diz, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Histology, SCIBM, Faculty of Medicine University of Cadiz, 11004 C\u00e1diz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose Ignacio","family":"Vilches-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de C\u00e1diz (INIBICA), 11009 C\u00e1diz, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Histology, SCIBM, Faculty of Medicine University of Cadiz, 11004 C\u00e1diz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Montesinos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de C\u00e1diz (INIBICA), 11009 C\u00e1diz, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Histology, SCIBM, Faculty of Medicine University of Cadiz, 11004 C\u00e1diz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9070-2257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mercedes","family":"Salido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de C\u00e1diz (INIBICA), 11009 C\u00e1diz, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Histology, SCIBM, Faculty of Medicine University of Cadiz, 11004 C\u00e1diz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicol\u00e1s","family":"de la Rosa-Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Condensed Matter Physics 1, Faculty of Science, University of Cadiz, 11510 C\u00e1diz, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Microscop\u00eda Electr\u00f3nica y Materiales (IMEYMAT), University of Cadiz, 11510 C\u00e1diz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8898-4371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Pi\u00f1ero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Condensed Matter Physics 1, Faculty of Science, University of Cadiz, 11510 C\u00e1diz, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Microscop\u00eda Electr\u00f3nica y Materiales (IMEYMAT), University of Cadiz, 11510 C\u00e1diz, 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