{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T17:54:20Z","timestamp":1792605260627,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]],"date-time":"2021-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014189","name":"Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture and Forestry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["116135-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["116135-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014189","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2020R1F1A1067439"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2020R1F1A1067439"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The 3D-printed bioactive ceramic incorporated Poly(\u03b5-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds show great promise as synthetic bone graft substitutes. However, 3D-printed scaffolds still lack adequate surface properties for cells to be attached to them. In this study, we modified the surface characteristics of 3D-printed poly(\u03b5-caprolactone)\/hydroxyapatite scaffolds using O2 plasma and sodium hydroxide. The surface property of the alkaline hydrolyzed and O2 plasma-treated PCL\/HA scaffolds were evaluated using field-emission scanning microscopy (FE-SEM), Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining, and water contact angle analysis, respectively. The in vitro behavior of the scaffolds was investigated using human dental pulp-derived stem cells (hDPSCs). Cell proliferation of hDPSCs on the scaffolds was evaluated via immunocytochemistry (ICC) and water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) assay. Osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs on the scaffolds was further investigated using ARS staining and Western blot analysis. The result of this study shows that alkaline treatment is beneficial for exposing hydroxyapatite particles embedded in the scaffolds compared to O2 plasma treatment, which promotes cell proliferation and differentiation of hDPSCs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13020257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T01:33:29Z","timestamp":1610674409000},"page":"257","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["3D-Printed Poly(\u03b5-Caprolactone)\/Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds Modified with Alkaline Hydrolysis Enhance Osteogenesis In Vitro"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0559-4840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sangbae","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosystems &amp; Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Eun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosystems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinsub","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosystems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"},{"name":"BK21 Global Smart Farm Educational Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9034-6061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seung","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosystems &amp; Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Woon","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosystems &amp; Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0566-8494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myung Chul","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosystems &amp; Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyunmok","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosystems &amp; Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong Bae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosystems &amp; Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun-Hoon","family":"Choung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoon","family":"Seonwoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Machinery Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0711-5655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jong Hoon","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosystems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"},{"name":"BK21 Global Smart Farm Educational Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"},{"name":"Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyoung-Je","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Agro-System Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Agriculture &amp; Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mistry, A.S., and Mikos, A.G. 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