{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T12:27:25Z","timestamp":1792585645003,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]],"date-time":"2021-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Several models of bioartificial human urothelial mucosa (UM) have been described recently. In this study, we generated novel tubularized UM substitutes using alternative sources of cells. Nanostructured fibrin\u2013agarose biomaterials containing fibroblasts isolated from the human ureter were used as stroma substitutes. Then, human Wharton jelly mesenchymal stromal cells (HWJSC) were used to generate an epithelial-like layer on top. Three differentiation media were used for 7 and 14 days. Results showed that the biofabrication methods used here succeeded in generating a tubular structure consisting of a stromal substitute with a stratified epithelial-like layer on top, especially using a medium containing epithelial growth and differentiation factors (EM), although differentiation was not complete. At the functional level, UM substitutes were able to synthesize collagen fibers, proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans, although the levels of control UM were not reached ex vivo. Epithelial differentiation was partially achieved, especially with EM after 14 days of development, with expression of keratins 7, 8, and 13 and pancytokeratin, desmoplakin, tight-junction protein-1, and uroplakin 2, although at lower levels than controls. These results confirm the partial urothelial differentiative potential of HWJSC and suggest that the biofabrication methods explored here were able to generate a potential substitute of the human UM for future clinical use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13101568","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,14]],"date-time":"2021-05-14T03:28:36Z","timestamp":1620962916000},"page":"1568","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Biofabrication of a Tubular Model of Human Urothelial Mucosa Using Human Wharton Jelly Mesenchymal Stromal Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Garz\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boris Dami\u00e1n","family":"Jaimes-Parra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Histology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Aut\u00f3noma de Bucaramanga, 680003 Santander, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manrique","family":"Pascual-Geler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel","family":"C\u00f3zar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Division of Urology, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda del Carmen","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Quevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Auxiliadora","family":"Mosquera-Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Julio Hooker Digest Center, Cali 760036, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Indalecio","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Montesinos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Valad\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0034-9264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4876-2672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Alaminos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6135.2004.0346.x","article-title":"Tissue engineering for the replacement of organ function in the genitourinary system","volume":"4","author":"Atala","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. 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