{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T15:16:02Z","timestamp":1785510962509,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]],"date-time":"2021-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The ageing behavior of phenol formaldehyde (PF) foam, a material increasingly used in modern-contemporary art, was investigated by a multi-analytical approach. PF foams with open- and closed-cell structures were selected and analyzed in their unaged and naturally indoor-aged state by employing optical microscopy (OM) and fiber optical reflectance spectroscopy (FORS) for assessing their morphology and color alteration. Micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (\u03bc-FTIR) was used for determining chemical changes and oxidation processes, and the acidity was monitored by pH measurements. The results clearly showed the extreme sensitivity of both open- and closed-cell PF foams to conditions typically found in indoor museums. OM indicated that the cells of the foams are prone to disrupt, and a tendency towards a red color shift was observed with FORS. \u03bc-FTIR revealed the formation of quinone groups resulting from oxidation reactions. Finally, a slight decrease in the acidity was found by pH measurements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13121964","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]],"date-time":"2021-06-14T22:25:46Z","timestamp":1623709546000},"page":"1964","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["What about Phenol Formaldehyde (PF) Foam in Modern-Contemporary Art? Insights into the Unaged and Naturally Aged Material by a Multi-Analytical Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1619-6821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Pintus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Science and Technology in Art, Academy of Fine Arts, Schillerplatz 3, 1010 Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Institute for Conservation-Restoration, Modern-Contemporary Art, Academy of Fine Arts Vienna, Schillerplatz 3, 1010 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Piccolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca\u2019 Foscari University of Venice, 30172 Mestre Venice, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilfried","family":"Vetter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Science and Technology in Art, Academy of Fine Arts, Schillerplatz 3, 1010 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4127-6957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ligia Maria","family":"Moretto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca\u2019 Foscari University of Venice, 30172 Mestre Venice, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katja","family":"Sterflinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Science and Technology in Art, Academy of Fine Arts, Schillerplatz 3, 1010 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0870-1827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manfred","family":"Schreiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Science and Technology in Art, Academy of Fine Arts, Schillerplatz 3, 1010 Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9\/164, 1060 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3545","DOI":"10.1002\/app.32280","article-title":"Preparation and properties of the phenolic foams with controllable nanometer pore structure","volume":"117","author":"Lei","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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