{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T14:56:56Z","timestamp":1788965816092,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,7]],"date-time":"2021-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007120","name":"King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2564-02-01-004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2564-02-01-004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007120","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P09300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P09300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Carbon\/carbon (C\/C) composite xerogels dried by evaporation were prepared in this study to observe the change of their porous properties and their morphology by nitrogen sorption apparatus and a scanning electron microscope. Resorcinol and formaldehyde (RF) sols as a matrix phase and cotton fibers (CF) as a dispersed phase were mixed and gelated to be CF\/RF composite hydrogels. The composite hydrogels were exchanged by t-butanol (TBA), dried by evaporation at 50 \u00b0C, and carbonized at 1000 \u00b0C to become the C\/C composite xerogels. The results show that the CF addition does not decrease the mesoporous properties of the C\/C composite xerogels. Moreover, the CF addition can alleviate the pore shrinkage, and it can maintain the mesopore structure. The mesopore size and the micropore size of C\/C composites are insignificantly changed because the CF addition and the solvent exchange using TBA may suppress the pore shrinkage despite the gas-liquid interface existing during the evaporation drying.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13162631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,8]],"date-time":"2021-08-08T21:35:40Z","timestamp":1628458540000},"page":"2631","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Influence of Evaporation Drying on the Porous Properties of Carbon\/Carbon Composite Xerogels"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4484-0311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kriangsak","family":"Kraiwattanawong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut\u2019s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noriaki","family":"Sano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hajime","family":"Tamon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3221","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01139044","article-title":"Organic aerogels from the polycondensation of resorcinol with formaldehyde","volume":"24","author":"Pekala","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. 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