{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T10:13:51Z","timestamp":1791627231529,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]],"date-time":"2021-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004329","name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["J2-9440, J7-2603, P1-0153, P2-0191"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J2-9440, J7-2603, P1-0153, P2-0191"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The role of bacteriophage therapy in medicine has recently regained an important place. Oral phage delivery for gastrointestinal treatment, transport through the stomach, and fast release in the duodenum is one of such applications. In this work, an efficient polyHIPE\/hydrogel system for targeted delivery of bacteriophages with rapid release at the target site is presented. T7 bacteriophages were encapsulated in low crosslinked anionic nanocellulose-based hydrogels, which successfully protected phages at pH &lt; 3.9 (stomach) and completely lost the hydrogel network at a pH above 3.9 (duodenum), allowing their release. Hydrogels with entrapped phages were crosslinked within highly porous spherical polyHIPE particles with an average diameter of 24 \u03bcm. PolyHIPE scaffold protects the hydrogels from mechanical stimuli during transport, preventing the collapse of the hydrogel structure and the unwanted phage release. On the other hand, small particle size, due to the large surface-to-volume ratio, enables rapid release at the target site. As a consequence, a fast zero-order release was achieved, providing improved patient compliance and reduced frequency of drug administration. The proposed system therefore exhibits significant potential for a targeted drug delivery in medicine and pharmacy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13162648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]],"date-time":"2021-08-09T21:41:46Z","timestamp":1628545306000},"page":"2648","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Bacteriophage Delivery Systems Based on Composite PolyHIPE\/Nanocellulose Hydrogel Particles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Tilen","family":"Kopa\u010d","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering and Technical Safety, Faculty for Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Lisac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering and Technical Safety, Faculty for Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rok","family":"Mravljak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering and Technical Safety, Faculty for Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ale\u0161","family":"Ru\u010digaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering and Technical Safety, Faculty for Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5721-0581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matja\u017e","family":"Krajnc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering and Technical Safety, Faculty for Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ale\u0161","family":"Podgornik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering and Technical Safety, Faculty for Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"COBIK, Tovarni\u0161ka 26, SI-5270 Ajdov\u0161\u010dina, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.15.28","article-title":"Re-establishing a place for phage therapy in western medicine","volume":"10","author":"Kutter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Future Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/1574-6968.12402","article-title":"Impact of the cell life-cycle on bacteriophage T4 infection","volume":"353","author":"Storms","year":"2014","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. 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