{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T12:07:15Z","timestamp":1781179635434,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]],"date-time":"2021-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Raw lacquer (RL) is a natural polymer compound with highly promising applications; however, its inflammable attribute restricts the industrial applications. In this study, melamine is used to formulate tri (1-melamine-2-propanol) phosphate (FR-1), after which it is synthesized with ammonium phosphate (FR-2) and diatomite to form a compound phosphorus-nitrogen intumescent flame retardant (IFR). Next, IFR is used as the filling agent that then cross-links with RL, and as such RL\/IFR membranes are formed after the curing. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) measurement, the vertical combustion test (UL-94), the microshape calorimetric analysis (CCT), and the thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) are conducted to examine the combustion resistance and thermal stability of the membranes. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and electron scanning microscope (SEM) are performed to separately characterize the structure and compatibility; the mechanical properties of the membranes are also evaluated. The vertical combustion test results confirm that with 30 wt% of IFR, RL\/IFR membranes acquire 12.3% higher LOI and a vertically combustion of V-0 level. The TGA indicates that RL\/IFR membranes demonstrate a greater adhesion level, a higher rigidity, and better luster than pure RL membranes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13172858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]],"date-time":"2021-08-25T23:25:50Z","timestamp":1629933950000},"page":"2858","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Synthesis of a Compound Phosphorus-Nitrogen Intumescent Flame Retardant for Applications to Raw Lacquer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Bing-Chiuan","family":"Shiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Engineering Research Center of New Chinese lacquer Material, College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunlin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Engineering Research Center of New Chinese lacquer Material, College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching-Wen","family":"Lou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Engineering Research Center of New Chinese lacquer Material, College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Engineering Research Center of New Chinese lacquer Material, College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6913-8986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jia-Horng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Engineering Research Center of New Chinese lacquer Material, College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Fiber Application and Manufacturing, Department of Fiber and Composite Materials, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1007\/s00289-011-0593-x","article-title":"Preparation and properties of raw lacquer\/multihydroxyl polyacrylate\/organophilic montmorillonite nanocomposites","volume":"68","author":"Xu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Polym. 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