{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T02:16:37Z","timestamp":1792203397495,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]],"date-time":"2021-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630972800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Polymers from natural sources are widely used as excipients in the formulation of pharmaceutical dosage forms. The objective of this study was to extract and further characterize the tamarind gum polysaccharide (TGP) obtained from Tamarindus indica as an excipient for biomedical applications. Double distilled water was used as a solvent for the extraction of gum while Ethyl alcohol was used as an antisolvent for the precipitation. The results of the Hausner ratio, Carr\u2019s index and angle of repose were found to be 0.94, 6.25, and 0.14, respectively, which revealed that the powder is free-flowing with good flowability. The gum was investigated for purity by carrying out chemical tests for different phytochemical constituents and only carbohydrates were found to be present. The swelling index was found to be 87 \u00b1 1%, which shows that TGP has good water intake capacity. The pH of the 1% gum solution was found to be neutral, approximately 6.70 \u00b1 0.01. The ash values such as total ash, sulphated ash, acid insoluble ash, and water-soluble ash were found to be 14.00 \u00b1 1.00%, 13.00 \u00b1 0.05%, 14.04 \u00b1 0.57% and 7.29 \u00b1 0.06%, respectively. The IR spectra confirmed the presence of alcohol, amines, ketones, anhydrides groups. The contact angle was &lt;90\u00b0, indicating favorable wetting and good spreading of liquid over the surface The scanning electron micrograph (SEM) revealed that the particle is spherical in shape and irregular. DSC analysis shows a sharp exothermic peak at 350 \u00b0C that shows its crystalline nature. The results of the evaluated properties showed that TGP has acceptable properties and can be used as a excipient to formulate dosage forms for biomedical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13183023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]],"date-time":"2021-09-07T10:24:25Z","timestamp":1631010265000},"page":"3023","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Evaluation and Characterization of Tamarind Gum Polysaccharide: The Biopolymer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Rishabha","family":"Malviya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical & Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonali","family":"Sundram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical & Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shivkanya","family":"Fuloria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Centre of Excellence for Biomaterials Engineering, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9629-9494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vetriselvan","family":"Subramaniyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jalan SP 2, Bandar Saujana Putra, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathiresan V.","family":"Sathasivam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Applied Science, Centre of Excellence for Biomaterials Engineering, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4874-1169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abul Kalam","family":"Azad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3022-6137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahendran","family":"Sekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh 30450, Perak, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darnal Hari","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Monash University, No.3 Jalan Masjid Abu Bakar, 80100 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srikumar","family":"Chakravarthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jalan SP 2, Bandar Saujana Putra, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omji","family":"Porwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Tishk International University, Erbil 44001, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2689-4079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dhanalekshmi Unnikrishnan","family":"Meenakshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Muscat 130, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neeraj Kumar","family":"Fuloria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Centre of Excellence for Biomaterials Engineering, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-8258.108205","article-title":"Tamarind seed polysaccharide: A promising natural excipient for pharmaceuticals","volume":"6","author":"Durai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. 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