{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T04:54:48Z","timestamp":1762145688973,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]],"date-time":"2021-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635897600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Horizon 2020","award":["REVaMP project No 869882"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["REVaMP project No 869882"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003086","name":"Eusko Jaurlaritza","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GIC15\/13, IT993-16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GIC15\/13, IT993-16"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003086","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of alternative fuels derived from residues in energy-intensive industries that rely on fossil fuels can cause considerable energy cost savings, but also significant environmental benefits by conserving non-renewable resources and reducing waste disposal. However, the switching from conventional to alternative fuels is challenging for industries, which require a sound understanding of the properties and combustion characteristics of the alternative fuel, in order to adequately adapt their industrial processes and equipment for its utilization. In this work, a solid recovered fuel (SRF) obtained from the polymeric fraction of an automotive shredder residue is tested for use as an alternative fuel for scrap preheating in an aluminium refinery. The material and chemical composition of the SRF has been extensively characterized using proximate and ultimate analyses, calorific values and thermal degradation studies. Considering the calorific value and the chlorine and mercury contents measured, the SRF can be designated as class code NCV 1; Cl 2; Hg 2 (EN ISO 21640:2021). The combustion of the SRF was studied in a laboratory-scale pilot plant, where the effects of temperature, flow, and an oxidizer were determined. The ash remaining after combustion, the collected liquid, and the generated gas phase were analysed in each test. It was observed that increasing the residence time of the gas at a high temperature allowed for a better combustion of the SRF. The oxidizer type was important for increasing the total combustion of the vapour compounds generated during the oxidation of the SRF and for avoiding uncontrolled combustion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13213807","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]],"date-time":"2021-11-03T21:57:49Z","timestamp":1635976669000},"page":"3807","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Combustion of a Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF) Produced from the Polymeric Fraction of Automotive Shredder Residue (ASR)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5309-2776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esther","family":"Acha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), 48940 Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8715-9345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Lopez-Urionabarrenechea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), 48940 Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1857-4451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara","family":"Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AZTERLAN, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48200 Durango, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5471-8662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lander","family":"Martinez-Canibano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), 48940 Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Borja Baltasar","family":"Perez-Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), 48940 Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7753-325X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana","family":"Serras-Malillos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), 48940 Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Blanca Mar\u00eda","family":"Caballero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), 48940 Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6612-2447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Unamunzaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AZTERLAN, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48200 Durango, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3375-0743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Dosal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Inatec, Environmental and Technological Innovation, 01170 Legutiano, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3790-5407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noelia","family":"Montes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Inatec, Environmental and Technological Innovation, 01170 Legutiano, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jon","family":"Barrenetxea-Arando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Inatec, Environmental and Technological Innovation, 01170 Legutiano, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Natural Gas Consumption Reducing in Aluminum Melting Furnaces by Heat Recovery of Flue","volume":"14","author":"Bratu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. 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