{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:39:24Z","timestamp":1760236764695,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]],"date-time":"2021-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015R1A2A1A14027903","2011-0030075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015R1A2A1A14027903","2011-0030075"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003621","name":"Ministry of Science ICT and Future Planning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017M3C1B2085309"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017M3C1B2085309"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003052","name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10048358"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10048358"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Precise motion control is important in robotic surgery, especially corneal surgery. This paper develops a new tension-measurement system for forceps used in corneal surgery, wherein contact force is applied only to a specific location for precise control, with precise movements detected by attaching a nano-crack sensor to the corresponding part. The nano-crack sensor used here customizes the working range and sensor sensitivity to match the strain rate of the tip of the forceps. Therefore, the tension in the suture can be sufficiently measured even at suture failure. The printed circuit board attached to the bottom of the system is designed to simultaneously collect data from several sensors, visualizing the direction and magnitude of the tension in order to inform the surgeon of how much tension is being applied. This system was verified by performing pig-corneal suturing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13244433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]],"date-time":"2021-12-20T02:50:18Z","timestamp":1639968618000},"page":"4433","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Three-Axis Tension-Measuring Vitreoretinal Forceps Using Strain Sensor for Corneal Surgery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0731-8615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seongjin","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 790-784, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suhyeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 790-784, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seong","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 790-784, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyungkook","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 790-784, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3528-2808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seong","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geunbae","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 790-784, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2007.45","article-title":"Medical Review Subcommittee of the Eye Bank Association of America. 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Oncol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1243\/09544062JMES1917","article-title":"Force sensing and its application in minimally invasive surgery and therapy: A survey","volume":"224","author":"Trejos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. C"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao, A., Gonenc, B., Guo, J., Liu, H., Gehlbach, P., and Iordachita, I. (2016, January 26\u201329). 3-DOF force-sensing micro-forceps for robot-assisted membrane peeling: Intrinsic actuation force modeling. 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Force Sensing Micro-Forceps for Robot Assisted Retinal Surgery. Proceedings of the 2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, San Diego, CA, USA.","key":"ref_8","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2012.6346201"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonenc, B., and Iordachita, I. (November, January 30). FBG-based transverse and axial force-sensing micro-Forceps for retinal microsurgery. 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