{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T19:27:08Z","timestamp":1791833228177,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]],"date-time":"2022-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003654","name":"Korea Environmental Industry and Technology Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020003120002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020003120002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003654","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The production, use, and waste of plastics increased worldwide, which resulted in environmental pollution and a growing public health problem. In particular, microplastics have the potential to accumulate in humans and mammals through the food chain. However, the toxicity of microplastics is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the toxicity of 10\u201350 \u03bcm polyethylene microplastics following single- and 28-day repeated oral administration (three different doses of microplastics of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg\/kg\/day) in ICR mice. For the investigation, we administered the microplastics orally for single- and 28-day repeated. Then, the histological and clinical pathology evaluations of the rodents were performed to evaluation of the toxicity test, and Raman spectroscopy was used to directly confirm the presence of polyethylene microplastics. In the single oral dose toxicity experiments, there were no changes in body weight and necropsy of the microplastics-treated group compared with that of controls. However, a histopathological evaluation revealed that inflammation from foreign bodies was evident in the lung tissue from the 28-day repeated oral dose toxicity group. Moreover, polyethylene microplastics were detected in the lung, stomach, duodenum, ileum, and serum by Raman spectroscopy. Our results corroborated the findings of lung inflammation after repeated oral administration of polyethylene microplastics. This study provides evidence of microplastic-induced toxicity following repeated exposure to mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14030402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]],"date-time":"2022-01-20T22:51:06Z","timestamp":1642719066000},"page":"402","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Toxicity Study and Quantitative Evaluation of Polyethylene Microplastics in ICR Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Sijoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Animal Medicine & Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung-Ku","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9971-2443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soo-Eun","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joo-Hee","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minkyoung","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keum-Yong","family":"Seong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 Four Program), Life and Industry Convergence Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunjong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan 31056, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung Yun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 Four Program), Life and Industry Convergence Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7817-2222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min-Soo","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7370-2685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"KilSoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2019.03.001","article-title":"Microplastics in the marine environment: Current trends in environmental pollution and mechanisms of toxicological profile","volume":"68","author":"Alimba","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. 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