{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T19:10:48Z","timestamp":1791400248820,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":162,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,12]],"date-time":"2022-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["120455 ; 129263"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["120455 ; 129263"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nanotechnology has opened up a world of possibilities for the treatment of brain disorders. Nanosystems can be designed to encapsulate, carry, and deliver a variety of therapeutic agents, including drugs and nucleic acids. Nanoparticles may also be formulated to contain photosensitizers or, on their own, serve as photothermal conversion agents for phototherapy. Furthermore, nano-delivery agents can enhance the efficacy of contrast agents for improved brain imaging and diagnostics. However, effective nano-delivery to the brain is seriously hampered by the formidable blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB). Advances in understanding natural transport routes across the BBB have led to receptor-mediated transcytosis being exploited as a possible means of nanoparticle uptake. In this regard, the oligopeptide Angiopep-2, which has high BBB transcytosis capacity, has been utilized as a targeting ligand. Various organic and inorganic nanostructures have been functionalized with Angiopep-2 to direct therapeutic and diagnostic agents to the brain. Not only have these shown great promise in the treatment and diagnosis of brain cancer but they have also been investigated for the treatment of brain injury, stroke, epilepsy, Parkinson\u2019s disease, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. This review focuses on studies conducted from 2010 to 2021 with Angiopep-2-modified nanoparticles aimed at the treatment and diagnosis of brain disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14040712","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,13]],"date-time":"2022-02-13T20:34:45Z","timestamp":1644784485000},"page":"712","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":134,"title":["Angiopep-2-Modified Nanoparticles for Brain-Directed Delivery of Therapeutics: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Saffiya","family":"Habib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nano-Gene and Drug Delivery Group, Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9985-6567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moganavelli","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nano-Gene and Drug Delivery Group, Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-018-0563-0","article-title":"Possible strategies to cross the blood\u2013brain barrier","volume":"44","author":"Bellettato","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ital. 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