{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T16:31:16Z","timestamp":1790958676265,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]],"date-time":"2022-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antibiotics delivered through conventional dosage against ophthalmic infections show lower therapeutic efficacy due to their low residence time. Therefore, there is a great need to design and develop novel dosage forms that would increase the ocular residence time of antibiotics at the site of infection. This study describes the development of nanoparticles laden in situ gelling solution, intended to sustain antibiotic release for improved therapeutic efficiency. Oxytetracycline-loaded gelatin-polyacrylic acid nanoparticles were prepared and incorporated in poloxamer-N407 solution. The rheological properties of the system were studied concerning time and temperature. Moreover, in vivo biocompatibility of the system was ascertained using the Draize test and histological studies. Finally, the optimized formulation was evaluated for in vitro antibacterial activity against one of the most common keratitis causing bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Additionally, the in vivo efficacy was evaluated on the rabbit\u2019s eye conjunctivitis model. The formulation showed a sustained effect against keratitis; furthermore, the antibacterial activity was comparable with the commercial product.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14061135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,13]],"date-time":"2022-03-13T21:44:17Z","timestamp":1647207857000},"page":"1135","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Nanoparticles Loaded Thermoresponsive In Situ Gel for Ocular Antibiotic Delivery against Bacterial Keratitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Muhammad Naseer","family":"Abbas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeed Ahmad","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan"},{"name":"Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4958-5620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sajid Khan","family":"Sadozai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6804-4144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Islam A.","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University of Science and Technology, Giza 12566, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asem","family":"Anter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Unit, Drug Factory, College of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University of Science and Technology, Giza 12566, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7371-6742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marwa El","family":"Fouly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza 12211, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed H.","family":"Osman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5611-0378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohsin","family":"Kazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. 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