{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T14:59:10Z","timestamp":1781881150991,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]],"date-time":"2022-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19-73-10206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19-73-10206"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002261","name":"Russian Foundation for Basic Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19-03-00930"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19-03-00930"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Composite materials have been used based on coordination polymers or microporous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) combined with mesoporous matrices for adsorption-related techniques, which enable outflanking some adverse phenomena manifested during pristine components operation and enhance the performance and selectivity of the resulting materials. In this work, for the first time, the novel HKUST-1@BPS composites synthesized by the microwave-assisted (MW) technique starting from microporous HKUST-1 (Cu3(btc)2) MOF and biporous silica matrix (BPS) with bimodal mesopore size distribution were comparatively studied as materials for liquid-phase adsorption techniques utilizing the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method and benzene as a model adsorbate. It was established that the studied HKUST-1@BPS composites can function as stationary phases for HPLC, unlike the pristine HKUST-1 and bare BPS materials, due to the synergetic effect of both components based on the preliminary enhanced adsorbate mass transfer throughout the silica mesopores and, subsequently, its penetrating into HKUST-1 micropores. The suggested mechanism involves the initial deactivation of open metal Cu2+ sites in the HKUST-1 framework structure by isopropanol molecules upon adding this polar component into the mobile phase in the region of the isopropanol concentration of 0.0 to 0.2 vol.%. Thereafter, at the medium range of varying the isopropanol concentration in the eluent of 0.2 to 0.3 vol.%, there is an expansion of the previously inaccessible adsorption centers in the HKUST-1@BPS composites. Subsequently, while further increasing the isopropanol volume fraction in the eluent in the region of 0.3 to 5.0 vol.%, the observed behavior of the studied chromatographic systems is similar to the quasi-normal-phase HPLC pattern. According to the obtained thermodynamic data, benzene adsorption into HKUST-1 micropores from solutions with a vol.% of isopropanol in the range of 0.4 to 5.0 follows the unique entropy-driven mechanism previously described for the MIL-53(Al) framework. It was found that HKUST-1 loading in the composites and their preparation conditions have pronounced effects on their physicochemical properties and adsorption performance, including the adsorption mechanism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14071373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T21:41:30Z","timestamp":1648590090000},"page":"1373","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Understanding the Working Mechanism of the Novel HKUST-1@BPS Composite Materials as Stationary Phases for Liquid Chromatography"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9170-9714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bulat R.","family":"Saifutdinov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Building 4, 31 Leninsky Prospect, 119071 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Building 3, 1 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vera I.","family":"Isaeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8514-7471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir V.","family":"Chernyshev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Building 4, 31 Leninsky Prospect, 119071 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Building 3, 1 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vadim V.","family":"Vergun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gennady I.","family":"Kapustin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulia P.","family":"Ivanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Building 4, 31 Leninsky Prospect, 119071 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikhail M.","family":"Ilyin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2673-0453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga P.","family":"Tkachenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksey K.","family":"Buryak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Building 4, 31 Leninsky Prospect, 119071 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonid M.","family":"Kustov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Building 3, 1 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Institute of Ecotechnology, National University of Science and Technology MISiS, 4 Leninsky Prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3674","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.8b00246","article-title":"Column characterization and selection systems in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography","volume":"119","author":"Skoczylas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kazakevich., Y., and LoBrutto, R. (2007). HPLC Theory and Practice. HPLC for Pharmaceutical Scientists, Wiley.","DOI":"10.1002\/0470087951"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N\u00f6lting, B. (2010). Liquid chromatography of biomolecules. Methods in Modern Biophysics, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-03022-2"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2020.11.053","article-title":"A new strategy for the preparation of core-shell MOF\/Polymer composite material as the mixed-mode stationary phase for hydrophilic interaction\/reversed-phase chromatography","volume":"1143","author":"Si","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1039\/C2AN15925B","article-title":"Metal\u2013organic frameworks for reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography","volume":"137","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1080\/10408347.2019.1684235","article-title":"Micro solid phase extraction using novel adsorbents","volume":"51","author":"Hamidi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2015.08.002","article-title":"Application of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles@MOFs","volume":"307","author":"Falcaro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2014.01.049","article-title":"Fabrication of metal-organic frameworks and graphite oxide hybrid composites for solid-phase extraction and preconcentration of luteolin","volume":"122","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2019.06.039","article-title":"Recent advances and applications of carbon nanotubes based composites in magnetic solid-phase extraction","volume":"118","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"TrAC Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-020-04265-z","article-title":"In situ growth of metal-organic framework HKUST-1 in an organic polymer as sorbent for nitrated and oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in environmental water samples prior to quantitation by HPLC-UV","volume":"187","author":"Haskouri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microchim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1021\/cr200304e","article-title":"Synthesis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs): Routes to various MOF topologies, morphologies, and composites","volume":"112","author":"Stock","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4328","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b17508","article-title":"Controlled manipulation of metal-organic framework layers to nanometer precision inside large mesochannels of ordered mesoporous silica for enhanced removal of bisphenol A from water","volume":"11","author":"Peng","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1039\/b903811f","article-title":"The pervasive chemistry of metal\u2013organic frameworks","volume":"38","author":"Long","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1557\/mrs2009.180","article-title":"Reticular chemistry and metal-organic frameworks for clean energy","volume":"34","author":"Yaghi","year":"2009","journal-title":"MRS Bull."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1021\/cr200190s","article-title":"Metal-organic frameworks for separations","volume":"112","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2179","DOI":"10.1021\/ie202038m","article-title":"Current status of metal-organic framework membranes for gas separations: Promises and challenges","volume":"51","author":"Shah","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1039\/C4TA04411H","article-title":"Electrocatalytically active cobalt-based metal-organic framework with incorporated macroporous carbon composite for electrochemical application","volume":"3","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2953","DOI":"10.1021\/cg400363e","article-title":"Influence of counteranions on the structural modulation of silver-Di(3-pyridylmethyl)amine coordination polymers","volume":"13","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12545","DOI":"10.1039\/C4CC05742B","article-title":"Luminescent terbium-containing metal-organic framework films: New approaches for the electrochemical synthesis and application as detectors for explosives","volume":"50","author":"Campagnol","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1039\/C4CE01783H","article-title":"Rapid mechanochemical synthesis of two new Cd(II)-based metal\u2013organic frameworks with high removal efficiency of Congo red","volume":"17","author":"Masoomi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cryst. Eng. Comm."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2014.10.008","article-title":"Syntesis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with microwave or ultrasound: Rapid reaction, phase-selectivity, and size reduction","volume":"285","author":"Khan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kudelin, A.I., Papathanasiou, K., Isaeva, V.I., Caro, J., Salmi, T., and Kustov, L.M. (2021). Microwave-assisted synthesis, characterization and modeling of CPO-27-Mg metal-organic framework for drug delivery. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26020426"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6910","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.202000993","article-title":"Assessing crystallisation kinetics of Zr metal-organic frameworks through turbidity measurements to inform rapid microwave-assisted synthesis","volume":"26","author":"Griffin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Eur. J."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2334","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200300610","article-title":"Functional porous coordination polymers","volume":"43","author":"Kitagawa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01650","article-title":"Reticular synthesis and the design of new materials","volume":"423","author":"Yaghi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1021\/cr200216x","article-title":"Commensurate adsorption of hydrocarbons and alcohols in microporous metal organic frameworks","volume":"112","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1039\/C5CC09127F","article-title":"Preparation and applications of novel composites composing of metal-organic frameworks and two-dimensional materials","volume":"52","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11849","DOI":"10.1038\/srep11849","article-title":"Synthesis of magnetic metal-organic framework (MOF) for efficient removal of organic dyes from water","volume":"5","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9525","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201700584","article-title":"Solid-state NMR proves the presence of penta-coordinated Sc site in MIL-100(Sc)","volume":"23","author":"Giovine","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Eur. J."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"11911","article-title":"Toward green production of water-stable metal-organic frameworks based on high-valence metals with low toxicities","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7144","DOI":"10.1021\/ac201517c","article-title":"Metal\u2013organic framework MIL-101(Cr) for high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of substituted aromatics","volume":"83","author":"Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3694","DOI":"10.1002\/asia.201900706","article-title":"A new water-stable terbium(III)-organic framework as a chemosensor for inorganic ions, nitro-compounds and antibiotics in aqueous solutions","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Asian J."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2019.213016","article-title":"Recent progress in metal-organic frameworks-based hydrogels and aerogels and their applications","volume":"398","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3276","DOI":"10.1039\/c2ta01125e","article-title":"Silica SOS@HKUST-1 composite microspheres as easily packed stationary phases for fast separation","volume":"1","author":"Ahmed","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2781","DOI":"10.1021\/cm301242d","article-title":"Liquid-phase adsorption and separation of xylene isomers by the flexible porous metal\u2013organic framework MIL-53(Fe)","volume":"24","author":"Osta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10133","DOI":"10.1039\/C7TC03312E","article-title":"Composite materials combining multiple luminescent MOFs and superparamagnetic microparticles for ratiometric water detection","volume":"5","author":"Wehner","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-019-3997-1","article-title":"A nanocomposite consisting of etched multiwalled carbon nanotubes, amino-modified metal-organic framework UiO-66 and polyaniline for preconcentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons prior to their determination by HPLC","volume":"187","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microchim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1007\/s13204-018-0844-3","article-title":"Cu@nano-bio-MOF-7 composite: Having more potential for in vitro drug adsorption\/release and photocatalytic water splitting as compared to its parent nano-bio-MOF-7","volume":"8","author":"Sattar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Nanosci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2016.10.006","article-title":"Facile synthesis of Fe3O4\/g-C3N4\/HKUST-1 composites as a novel biosensor platform for ochratoxin A","volume":"92","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10602","DOI":"10.1039\/C8CC05428B","article-title":"MOF\/polymer composite synthesized using a double solvent method offers enhanced water and CO2 adsorption properties","volume":"54","author":"Peng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7482","DOI":"10.1039\/C5NR00518C","article-title":"Metal-organic framework composites: From fundamentals to applications","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-019-01660-1","article-title":"Magnetic stir cake sorptive extraction of trace tetracycline antibiotics in food samples: Preparation of metal\u2013organic framework-embedded polyHIPE monolithic composites, validation and application","volume":"411","author":"Du","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2344","DOI":"10.1039\/C1CS15276A","article-title":"Metal\u2013organic framework growth at functional interfaces: Thin films and composites for diverse applications","volume":"41","author":"Bradshaw","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62501","DOI":"10.1039\/C6RA06522H","article-title":"HKUST-1 silica aerogel composites: The novel materials for the separation of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons by conventional liquid chromatography","volume":"6","author":"Nuzhdin","year":"2016","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2014.07.067","article-title":"Incorporation of metal-organic framework HKUST-1 into porous polymer monolithic capillary columns to enhance the chromatographic separation of small molecules","volume":"1360","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13484","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201301461","article-title":"Fabrication of ZIF-8@SiO2 core\u2013shell microspheres as the stationary phase for high-performance liquid chromatography","volume":"19","author":"Fu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Eur. J."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2014.08.077","article-title":"Preparation and evaluation of silica-UiO-66 composite as liquid chromatographic stationary phase for fast and efficient separation","volume":"1366","author":"Yan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2014.10.036","article-title":"Separations of substituted benzenes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using normal- and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography with UiO-66 as the stationary phase","volume":"1370","author":"Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1039\/C4RA12263A","article-title":"One-pot synthesis of UiO-66@SiO2 shell\u2013core microspheres as stationary phase for high performance liquid chromatography","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1039\/C6AN02344D","article-title":"UiO-66@SiO2 core\u2013shell microparticles as stationary phases for the separation of small organic molecules","volume":"142","author":"Arrua","year":"2017","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21632","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b04756","article-title":"Cationic ionic liquids organic ligands based metal-organic frameworks for fabrication of core-shell microspheres for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography","volume":"8","author":"Dai","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2014.05.010","article-title":"Core\u2013shell particles: Preparation, fundamentals and applications in high performance liquid chromatography","volume":"1357","author":"Hayes","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3735","DOI":"10.1002\/ejic.201000494","article-title":"Silica\u2013MOF composites as a stationary phase in liquid chromatography","volume":"24","author":"Ameloot","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1039\/C8AY02215A","article-title":"Amino-functionalized mesoporous silica nanospheres (MSN-NH2) as sorbent for extraction and concentration of synthetic dyes from foodstuffs prior to HPLC analysis","volume":"11","author":"Qin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-020-04326-3","article-title":"Monodispersed mesoporous SiO2@metal-organic framework (MSN@MIL-101(Fe)) composites as sorbent for extraction and preconcentration of phytohormones prior to HPLC-DAD analysis","volume":"187","author":"Qin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microchim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Isaeva, V.I., Saifutdinov, B.R., Chernyshev, V.V., Vergun, V.V., Kapustin, G.I., Kurnysheva, Y.P., Ilyin, M.M., and Kustov, L.M. (2020). Impact of the preparation on the performance of the microporous HKUST-1 metal-organic framework in the liquid-phase separation of aromatic compounds. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25112648"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micromeso.2020.110136","article-title":"Preparation of novel hybrid catalyst with an hierarchical micro-\/mesoporous structure by direct growth of the HKUST-1 nanoparticles inside Mesoporous Silica Matrix (MMS)","volume":"300","author":"Isaeva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Micropor. Mesopor. Mater."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1902634","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201902634","article-title":"Mesoporous silica nanoparticles for drug delivery","volume":"30","author":"Manzano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1134\/S0036024413070054","article-title":"Kinetics of the adsorption of hemoglobin on silica adsorbents with a bimodal distribution of pores","volume":"87","author":"Atyaksheva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Russ. J. Phys. Chem. A"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.1134\/S0036024415090058","article-title":"Adsorption of hemoglobin on biporous silica","volume":"89","author":"Atyaksheva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Russ. J. Phys. Chem."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-2991(02)80225-7","article-title":"A Two-Stage Horvath-Kawazoe Adsorption Model for Pore Size Distribution Analysis","volume":"144","author":"Dombrovski","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1070\/RC2013v082n07ABEH004413","article-title":"Target-oriented analysis of gaseous, liquid and solid chemical systems by mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and electron microscopy","volume":"82","author":"Kachala","year":"2013","journal-title":"Russ. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2007.05.102","article-title":"Measurement of hold-up volumes in reverse-phase liquid chromatography","volume":"1161","author":"Gritti","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1134\/S0036024413030266","article-title":"On the interrelation between the distribution constant and the retention factor in liquid chromatography","volume":"87","author":"Saifutdinov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Russ. J. Phys. Chem. A"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7469","DOI":"10.1039\/C5TA01178G","article-title":"In situ synthesis of novel ZIF-8 membranes on polymeric and inorganic supports","volume":"3","author":"Isaeva","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1107\/S0021889881009618","article-title":"Unit-cell refinement from powder diffraction scans","volume":"14","author":"Pawley","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Appl. Crystallogr."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1107\/S0021889891013122","article-title":"MRIA\u2014A program for a full profile analysis of powder multiphase neutron-diffraction time-of-flight (direct and Fourier) spectra","volume":"25","author":"Zlokazov","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Appl. Crystallogr."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.0c00487","article-title":"Power of infrared and Raman spectroscopies to characterize metal-organic frameworks and investigate their interaction with guest molecules","volume":"121","author":"Hadjiivanov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2017.12.141","article-title":"The visible light driven copper based metal-organic heterojunction: HKUST-1@Ag-Ag3PO4 for plasmon enhanced visible light photocatalysis","volume":"737","author":"Sofi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Alloys Comp."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3382","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.8b00501","article-title":"Synthesis of robust MOF-derived Cu\/SiO2 catalyst with low copper loading via sol-gel method for the dimethyl oxalate hydrogenation reaction","volume":"8","author":"Ye","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10796","DOI":"10.1039\/D0TA01760D","article-title":"Metal defects in HKUST-1 MOF revealed by vibrational spectroscopy: A combined quantum mechanical and experimental study","volume":"8","author":"Gentile","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lis, M.J., Caruzi, B.B., Gil, G.A., Samulewski, R.B., Bail, A., Scacchetti, F.A.P., Moises, M.P., and Bezerra, F.M. (2019). In-situ direct synthesis of HKUST-1 in wool fabric for the improvement of antibacterial properties. Polymers, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym11040713"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5112","DOI":"10.1039\/C5NJ00247H","article-title":"Catalytic activity of HKUST-1 in the oxidation of trans-ferulic acid to vanilin","volume":"39","author":"Yepez","year":"2015","journal-title":"New J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sheppard, N.T. (2003). Molecular Spectroscopy of Oxide Catalyst Surfaces, Wiley.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1351-4180(03)01049-3"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13698","DOI":"10.1039\/c3dt51322j","article-title":"Size- and morphology-controlled NH2-MIL-53(Al) prepared in DMF\u2013water mixed solvents","volume":"42","author":"Cheng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1007\/s10934-020-00945-6","article-title":"Facile and cost-efficient synthesis of highly efficient CO2 adsorbents: A pathway towards a green environment","volume":"27","author":"Mohammadabad","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Porous Mater."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtice.2014.12.008","article-title":"Copper-based metal organic framework (MOF), HKUST-1, as an efficient adsorbent to remove p-nitrophenol from water","volume":"50","author":"Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Engin."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1515\/chem-2019-0136","article-title":"Composite material consisting of HKUST-1 and Indonesian activated natural zeolite and its application in CO2 capture","volume":"17","author":"Lestari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Chem."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s10934-014-9891-7","article-title":"Metal\u2013organic frameworks HKUST-1 as porous matrix for encapsulation of basic ionic liquid catalyst: Effect of chemical behaviour of ionic liquid in solvent","volume":"22","author":"Luo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Porous Mater."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2010.09.059","article-title":"The synthesis and characterization of copper-based metal\u2013organic framework\/graphite oxide composites","volume":"49","author":"Petit","year":"2011","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2558","DOI":"10.1039\/b504448k","article-title":"Vibrational spectra, co-operative intramolecular hydrogen bonding and conformations of calix[4]arene and thiacalix[4]arene molecules and their para-tert-butyl derivatives","volume":"3","author":"Katsyuba","year":"2005","journal-title":"Org. Biomol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s11814-016-0231-2","article-title":"High performance methyl orange capture on magnetic nanoporous MCM-41 prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method","volume":"34","author":"Albayati","year":"2017","journal-title":"Korean J. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32041","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b11074","article-title":"Ionic liquids as the MOFs\/polymer interfacial binder for efficient membrane separation","volume":"8","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aiube, C.M., Oliveira, K.V.d., and Macedo, J.L.d. (2019). Effect of cerium precursor in the synthesis of Ce-MCM-41 and in the efficiency for liquid-phase oxidation of benzyl alcohol. Catalysts, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/catal9040377"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.1039\/a801898g","article-title":"In situ FTIR study of the formation of MCM-41","volume":"94","author":"Holmes","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8093","DOI":"10.1039\/b927601g","article-title":"A novel method to measure diffusion coefficients in porous metal\u2013organic frameworks","volume":"12","author":"Zybaylo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wr\u00f3blewska, A., Miadlicki, P., Tolpa, J., Srenscek-Nazzal, J., Koren, Z.C., and Michalkiewicz, B. (2019). Influence of the titanium content in the Ti-MCM-41 catalyst on the course of the \u03b1-pinene isomerization process. Catalysts, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/catal9050396"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1002\/aic.11362","article-title":"Hydrogen storage in metal-organic and covalent-organic frameworks by spillover","volume":"54","author":"Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"AIChE J."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micromeso.2016.02.029","article-title":"Synthesis of HKUST-1#MCF compositing materials for CO2 adsorption","volume":"226","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Micropor. Mesopor. Mater."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s10876-020-01790-y","article-title":"Thermolytic conversion of copper (II) based coordination polymer into copper oxide\u2014Carbon nanocomposite for selective removal of Cd (II) from aqueous solution","volume":"32","author":"Oseghale","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cluster Sci."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/s11172-017-1693-z","article-title":"Thermodynamics of adsorption of aromatic compounds from non-aqueous solutions by MIL-53(Al) metal-organic framework","volume":"66","author":"Saifutdinov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Russ. Chem. Bull."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micromeso.2018.01.003","article-title":"MOF@SiO2 core-shell composites as stationary phase in high performance liquid chromatography","volume":"263","author":"Ehrling","year":"2018","journal-title":"Micropor. Mesopor. Mater."}],"container-title":["Polymers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/14\/7\/1373\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:45:08Z","timestamp":1760136308000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/14\/7\/1373"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]]},"references-count":92,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["polym14071373"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym14071373","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]]}}}