{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T16:45:41Z","timestamp":1781196341487,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]],"date-time":"2022-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An immobilization of graphene oxide (GO) into a matrix of polyvinyl formaldehyde (PVF) foam as an eco-friendly, low cost, superior, and easily recovered sorbent of Pb ions from an aqueous solution is described. The relationships between the structure and electrochemical properties of PVF\/GO composite with implanted Pb ions are discussed for the first time. The number of alcohol groups decreased by 41% and 63% for PVF\/GO and the PVF\/GO\/Pb composite, respectively, compared to pure PVF. This means that chemical bonds are formed between the Pb ions and the PVF\/GO composite based on the OH groups. This bond formation causes an increase in the Tg values attributed to the formation of a strong surface complexation between adjacent layers of PVF\/GO composite. The conductivity increases by about 2.8 orders of magnitude compared to the values of the PVF\/GO\/Pb composite compared to the PVF. This means the presence of Pb ions is the main factor for enhancing the conductivity where the conduction mechanism is changed from ionic for PVF to electronic conduction for PVF\/GO and PVF\/GO\/Pb.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14112303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]],"date-time":"2022-06-07T00:10:33Z","timestamp":1654560633000},"page":"2303","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Graphene Oxide\/Polyvinyl Alcohol\u2013Formaldehyde Composite Loaded by Pb Ions: Structure and Electrochemical Performance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9060-0135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alaa","family":"Fahmy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt"},{"name":"Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Materialforschung und -Pr\u00fcfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7241-3088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Badawi","family":"Anis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Centre, Spectroscopy Department, Physics Research Institute, 33 El Bohouth Street, Giza 12622, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2152-5095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulina","family":"Szymoniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Materialforschung und -Pr\u00fcfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Korinna","family":"Altmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Materialforschung und -Pr\u00fcfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4330-9107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Sch\u00f6nhals","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Materialforschung und -Pr\u00fcfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"412666","article-title":"Broadband dielectric properties of polyvinyl-formaldehyde\/MWCNTs foams","volume":"604","author":"Hekal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys. 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