{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T18:51:57Z","timestamp":1791744717591,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":150,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]],"date-time":"2022-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Glaucoma is extensively treated with topical eye drops containing drugs. However, the retention time of the loaded drugs and the in vivo bioavailability of the drugs are highly influenced before reaching the targeted area sufficiently, due to physiological and anatomical barriers of the eye, such as rapid nasolacrimal drainage. Poor intraocular penetration and frequent administration may also cause ocular cytotoxicity. A novel approach to overcome these drawbacks is the use of injectable hydrogels administered intravitreously for sustained drug delivery to the target site. These injectable hydrogels are used as nanocarriers to intimately interact with specific diseased ocular tissues to increase the therapeutic efficacy and drug bioavailability of the anti-glaucomic drugs. The human eye is very delicate, and is sensitive to contact with any foreign body material. However, natural biopolymers are non-reactive, biocompatible, biodegradable, and lack immunogenic and inflammatory responses to the host whenever they are incorporated in drug delivery systems. These favorable biomaterial properties have made them widely applicable in biomedical applications, with minimal adversity. This review highlights the importance of using natural biopolymer-based intravitreal hydrogel drug delivery systems for glaucoma treatment over conventional methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14122359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,12]],"date-time":"2022-06-12T23:55:24Z","timestamp":1655078124000},"page":"2359","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Intravitreal Injectable Hydrogels for Sustained Drug Delivery in Glaucoma Treatment and Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4021-5893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kassahun Alula","family":"Akulo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Near East University, Mersin 10, Lefko\u015fa 99138, Turkey"},{"name":"Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Research Center, Near East University, Mersin 10, Lefko\u015fa 99138, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1867-3935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Terin","family":"Adali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Near East University, Mersin 10, Lefko\u015fa 99138, Turkey"},{"name":"Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Research Center, Near East University, Mersin 10, Lefko\u015fa 99138, Turkey"},{"name":"Nanotechnology Research Center, Sabanci University SUNUM, Istanbul 34956, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8396-7078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mthabisi Talent George","family":"Moyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Near East University, Mersin 10, Lefko\u015fa 99138, Turkey"},{"name":"Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Research Center, Near East University, Mersin 10, Lefko\u015fa 99138, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tulin","family":"Bodamyali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Girne American University, Mersin 10, Girne 99428, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1442","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14848","article-title":"The future is old\u2014Patients with topical ocular hypotensive treatment in the Nordic region between 2008 and 2017 with projections for 2040","volume":"99","author":"Bro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2020.07.010","article-title":"Numerical simulation of the aqueous humor flow in the eye drainage system; a healthy and pathological condition comparison","volume":"83","author":"Medina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. 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