{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:20:26Z","timestamp":1790709626028,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,18]],"date-time":"2022-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A novel cross-linked Copolymer (MXM) was synthesized by the polycondensation reaction of 3,6-Diaminocarbazole and piperazine with p-formaldehyde as a cross-linker. The Copolymer was fully characterized by solid 13C-NMR and FT-IR. The thermal stability of MXM was investigated by TGA and showed that the Copolymer was stable up to 300 \u00b0C. The synthesized polyamine was tested for the removal of iron (Fe2+), lead (Pb2+), and copper (Cu2+) ions from aqueous and industrial wastewater solutions. The effect of pH, concentration and time on the adsorption of iron (Fe2+), lead (Pb2+), and copper (Cu2+) ions was investigated. The adsorption of the studied ions from aqueous solutions onto the MXM polymer occurs following the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The intraparticle diffusion model showed that the adsorption mechanism is controlled by film diffusion. The regeneration of MXM showed practical reusability with a loss in capacity of 2\u20135% in the case of Fe2+ and Cu2+ ions. The molecular simulation investigations revealed similarities between experimental and theoretical calculations. Industrial wastewater treatment revealed the excellent capabilities and design of MXM to be a potential adsorbent for the removal of heavy metal ions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14122486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,19]],"date-time":"2022-06-19T21:19:26Z","timestamp":1655673566000},"page":"2486","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Selective Removal of Iron, Lead, and Copper Metal Ions from Industrial Wastewater by a Novel Cross-Linked Carbazole-Piperazine Copolymer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Majed","family":"Al Anazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ismail","family":"Abdulazeez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Othman Charles S.","family":"Al Hamouz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2021.117613","article-title":"Review of chitosan composite as a heavy metal adsorbent: Material preparation and properties","volume":"259","author":"Begum","year":"2021","journal-title":"Carbohydr. 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