{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T09:37:23Z","timestamp":1787996243531,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31271043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31271043"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the 4th 3551 talent Program of Wuhan East Lake High Technology","award":["31271043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31271043"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Various congenital and acquired urinary system abnormalities can cause structural damage to patients\u2019 bladders. This study aimed to construct and evaluate a novel surgical patch encapsulated with adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) for bladder tissue regeneration. The surgical patch consists of multiple biomaterials, including bladder acellular matrix (BAM), collagen type I from rat tail, microparticle emulsion cross-linking polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)-chitosan (CS) with PLGA-sodium alginate (SA), and growth factors. ADSCs were seeded on the surgical patch. Approximately 50% of the bladder was excised and replaced with a surgical patch. Histological, immunohistochemical and urodynamic analyses were performed at the 2nd, 4th, and 8th weeks after surgery, respectively. The PLGA-CS, PLGA-SA or surgical patch showed no cytotoxicity to ADSCs. PLGA-CS cross-linked with PLGA-SA at a ratio of 5:5 exhibited a loose microporous structure and was chosen as the candidate for ADSC seeding. We conducted bladder repair surgery in rats using the patch, successfully presenting urothelium layers, muscle bundles, and vessel regeneration and replacing 50% of the rat\u2019s natural bladder in vivo. Experiments through qualitative and quantitative evaluation demonstrate the application potential of the composite biomaterials in promoting the repair and reconstruction of bladder tissue.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14132654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T22:43:28Z","timestamp":1656542608000},"page":"2654","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Construction of Tissue-Engineered Bladder Scaffolds with Composite Biomaterials"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Wenjiao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatic Surgery Center, Institute of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziwei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhouyuan","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dingwen","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1470-7184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Serrano-Aroca, \u00c1., Vera-Donoso, C.D., and Moreno-Manzano, V. 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