{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:03:29Z","timestamp":1787029409156,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]],"date-time":"2022-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006360","name":"German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action via the AiF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KK5129708TA1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KK5129708TA1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006360","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006360","name":"German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action via the AiF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["490988677"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["490988677"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006360","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)","award":["KK5129708TA1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KK5129708TA1"]}]},{"name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)","award":["490988677"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["490988677"]}]},{"name":"Climate Chamber by the Ministry of Culture and Science of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia","award":["KK5129708TA1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KK5129708TA1"]}]},{"name":"Climate Chamber by the Ministry of Culture and Science of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia","award":["490988677"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["490988677"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>While fused deposition modeling (FDM) and other relatively inexpensive 3D printing methods are nowadays used in many applications, the possible areas of using FDM-printed objects are still limited due to mechanical and thermal constraints. Applications for space, e.g., for microsatellites, are restricted by the usually insufficient heat resistance of the typical FDM printing materials. Printing high-temperature polymers, on the other hand, necessitates special FDM printers, which are not always available. Here, we show investigations of common polymers, processible on low-cost FDM printers, under elevated temperatures of up to 160 \u00b0C for single treatments. The polymers with the highest dimensional stability and mechanical properties after different temperature treatments were periodically heat-treated between -40 \u00b0C and +80 \u00b0C in cycles of 90 min, similar to the temperature cycles a microsatellite in the low Earth orbit (LEO) experiences. While none of the materials under investigation fully maintains its dimensions and mechanical properties, filled poly(lactic acid) (PLA) filaments were found most suitable for applications under these thermal conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14142826","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]],"date-time":"2022-07-12T03:50:36Z","timestamp":1657597836000},"page":"2826","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Investigation of Low-Cost FDM-Printed Polymers for Elevated-Temperature Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6841-8791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan Lukas","family":"Storck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, 33619 Bielefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8483-8657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guido","family":"Ehrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virtual Institute of Applied Research on Advanced Materials (VIARAM)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uwe","family":"G\u00fcth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical and Biophysical Chemistry (PC III), Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jana","family":"Uthoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, 33619 Bielefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0358-8554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah Vanessa","family":"Homburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, 33619 Bielefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6569-124X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Blachowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics\u2014Center for Science and Education, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0695-3905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Ehrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, 33619 Bielefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1177\/0008125617695284","article-title":"Decentralization and Localization of Production: The Organizational and Economic Consequences of Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing)","volume":"59","author":"Siemsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Calif. 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