{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T03:06:18Z","timestamp":1793243178089,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]],"date-time":"2022-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Conductive and Electroactive Polymers Research Unit of Chulalongkorn University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) was systematically synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization in chloroform with ferric chloride (FeCl3) as the oxidizing agent and various surfactants of the shape templates. The effects of 3HT: FeCl3 mole ratios, polymerization times, and surfactant types and concentrations on the electrical conductivity, particle shape and size were systematically investigated. Furthermore, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA), p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate (AOT) were utilized as the surfactant templates. The P3HT synthesized with DBSA at 6 CMC, where CMC stands for the Critical Micelle Concentration of surfactant, provided a higher electrical conductivity than those with PTSA, SDS and AOT. The highest electrical conductivity of P3HT using DBSA was 16.21 \u00b1 1.55 S cm\u22121 in which the P3HT particle shape was spherical with an average size of 1530 \u00b1 227 nm. The thermal analysis indicated that the P3HT synthesized with the surfactants yielded higher stability and char yields than that of P3HT without. The P3HT_DBSA electrical conductivity was further enhanced by de-doping and doping with HClO4. At the 10:1 doping mole ratio, the electrical conductivity of dP3HT_DBSA increased by one order of magnitude relative to P3HT_DBSA prior to the de-doping. The highest electrical conductivity of dP3HT_DBSA obtained was 172 \u00b1 5.21 S cm\u22121 which is the highest value relative to previously reported.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14183860","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]],"date-time":"2022-09-16T01:35:10Z","timestamp":1663292110000},"page":"3860","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Synthesis of Highly Conductive Poly(3-hexylthiophene) by Chemical Oxidative Polymerization Using Surfactant Templates"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Sanhanut","family":"Kesornsit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Conductive and Electroactive Polymers Research Unit, The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chatrawee","family":"Direksilp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conductive and Electroactive Polymers Research Unit, The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"},{"name":"Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology (PETROMAT), Chulalongkorn University Research Building, Soi Chula 12, Phayathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katesara","family":"Phasuksom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conductive and Electroactive Polymers Research Unit, The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"},{"name":"Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology (PETROMAT), Chulalongkorn University Research Building, Soi Chula 12, Phayathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natlita","family":"Thummarungsan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conductive and Electroactive Polymers Research Unit, The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"},{"name":"Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology (PETROMAT), Chulalongkorn University Research Building, Soi Chula 12, Phayathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phimchanok","family":"Sakunpongpitiporn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conductive and Electroactive Polymers Research Unit, The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kornkanok","family":"Rotjanasuworapong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conductive and Electroactive Polymers Research Unit, The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4798-9325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anuvat","family":"Sirivat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conductive and Electroactive Polymers Research Unit, The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"},{"name":"Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology (PETROMAT), Chulalongkorn University Research Building, Soi Chula 12, Phayathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumonman","family":"Niamlang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathumthani 12110, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1002\/pi.5907","article-title":"Sensors based on conductive polymers and their composites: A review","volume":"69","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Polym. 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