{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T08:11:32Z","timestamp":1791619892268,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"\u201cMinisterul Cercet\u0103rii, Inov\u0103rii \u0219i Digitaliz\u0103rii\u201d, Romania, under Program 1\u2014Development of the National R&amp;D system","award":["PFE 5\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PFE 5\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of National Defense of Romania","award":["PFE 5\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PFE 5\/2021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Methods to predict the fracture of thin carbon fibre-reinforced polymers (CFRPs) under load are of great interest in the automotive industry. The manufacturing of composites involves a high risk of defect occurrence, and the identification of those that lead to failure increases the functional reliability and decreases costs. The performance of CFRPs can be significantly reduced in assembled structures containing stress concentrators. This paper presents a hybrid experimental\u2013numerical method based on the Tsai\u2013Hill criterion for behavior of thin CFRPs at complex loadings that can emphasize the threshold of stress by tracing the \u03c3-\u03c4 envelope. Modified butterfly samples were made for shearing, traction, or shearing-with-traction tests in the weakened section by changing the angle of force application \u03b1. ANSYS simulations were used to determine the zones of maximum stress concentration. For thin CFRP samples tested with stacking sequences [0]8 and [(45\/0)2]s, the main mechanical characteristics have been determined using a Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer (DMA) and ultrasound tests. A modified Arcan device (AD) was used to generate data in a biaxial stress state, leading to the characterization of the material as a whole. The generated failure envelope allows for the prediction of failure for other combinations of normal and shear stress, depending on the thickness of the laminations, the stacking order, the pretension of the fasteners, and the method used to produce the laminations. The experimental data using AD and the application of the Tsai\u2013Hill criterion serve to the increase the safety of CFRP components.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14214507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]],"date-time":"2022-10-26T05:11:33Z","timestamp":1666761093000},"page":"4507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Multi-Criteria Evaluation of the Failure of CFRP Laminates for Frames in the Automotive Industry"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3685-6751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ionu\u021b","family":"Mititelu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, \u201cGheorghe Asachi\u201d Technical University, 43 D. Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Nondestructive Testing Department, National Institute of R&D for Technical Physics, 47 D. Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4770-5684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silviu Mihai","family":"Petri\u0219or","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Technical Science, \u201cNicolae Balcescu\u201d Land Forces Academy, 3-5 Revolutiei Street, 550170 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9863-3110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana","family":"Savin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nondestructive Testing Department, National Institute of R&D for Technical Physics, 47 D. Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roman","family":"\u0160turm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, 6 A\u0161ker\u010deva, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoran","family":"Bergant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, 6 A\u0161ker\u010deva, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1618-7650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rozina","family":"Steigmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nondestructive Testing Department, National Institute of R&D for Technical Physics, 47 D. Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6414-9427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana Domnica","family":"Stanciu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Transilvania University of Brasov, 29 Eroilor Blvd., 500360 Brasov, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul Doru","family":"B\u00e2rs\u0103nescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, \u201cGheorghe Asachi\u201d Technical University, 43 D. Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guadagno, L., Sorrentino, A., Delprat, P., and Vertuccio, L. (2020). 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